Legal advocate: The Métis people of Canada are of First Nations and

Question

Legal advocate: The Métis people of Canada are of First Nations and European ancestry. The government grants certain special rights to Métis individuals. To receive these rights, an individual must self-identify as Métis and must not have self-identified only recently in order to receive these rights. The individual must also have Métis ancestry and be accepted as Métis by a modern Métis community. Acceptance by a modern Métis community is shown only by long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities.

In the table, select characteristics H and N, such that an individual having H and NOT having N would most clearly satisfy the legal advocate’s stated criterion for receiving the rights associated with Métis membership. Make only two selections, one in each column.

In the table, select characteristics  H  and  N , such that an individual having  H  and NOT having  N  would most clearly satisfy the legal advocate’s stated criterion for receiving the rights associated with Métis membership. Make only two selections, one in each column.

ID: 700177

https://gmatclub.com/forum/download/file.php?id=77785

KarishmaB · Accepted Answer

Video solution to the question: https://youtu.be/bRrlJBzcM3w Necessary conditions to satisfy the criteria: - An individual must have long ago self-identified as Métis - The individual must also have Métis ancestry - Must have long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities. (this shows acceptance in Metis community) Question Stem: Select characteristics H and N , such that an individual having H and NOT having N would most clearly satisfy the legal advocate’s stated criterion for receiving the rights associated with Métis membership. We are discussing a certain individual, say X. If X has one of the given options (H) and does not have one of the given options (N), then he would satisfy all 3 criteria given above. Let's look at the options: We need 3 things: "self identify", "ancestry" and "long standing participation". "Self identify" is a part of first two options so one of those is required as H. - Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing Métis ancestry We do not know if he long ago self identified as Metis or recently. If we still accept this is H, we might say that two criteria are met ""self identify" and "ancestry". What about "long standing participation"? "N" should give "long standing participation". Only last option has not participation aspect. If "N = Has never participated in Métis political activities" and NOT of this statement is "Has at least some times participated in Métis political activities," that is fine but we do not know if the participation is long standing. Hence our conditions are not met. Not the answer. - Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities He has "long-standing participation in Métis political activities." Since he has long standing participation, it stands to reason that he long ago self identified as Metis. So two boxes are checked ""self identify" and "long standing participation". What about "ancestry"? We need N to take care of ancestry. If "N = Has recent ancestry that is not Métis" and NOT of this statement is "Has recent ancestry that is Métis," then it all works. We just need "The individual must have Métis ancestry". There is no mention of recent or long standing with ancestry so knowing that he has some Metis ancestry is enough. ANSWER

chetan2u · Answer

Lot of discussion on the question.

My two cents on it. I did home on to the H part pretty straight forward but took more than one minute to analyse the last two options for N.

Let us see what all is given as must have 
1. an individual must self-identify as Métis and must not have self-identified only recently in order to receive these rights
2. The individual must also have Métis ancestry
3. The individual must be accepted as Métis by a modern Métis community, a case that is shown only by long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities.

Have: H is clearly one of the first three options

A. Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing Métis ancestry
Acceptance by modern Meitis community is a very important aspect and is missed out in this option.

B. Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities
This shows that modern Metis communty would accept the individual as Meti. Although it misses out directly on point of Metis ancestary, the long standing participation in Metis political activities could be stretched to ancestary. 
Whatever be the way, the options seems to be  more  apt for must have than A, and although it may not be covering each point very clearly.

C. Has recent ancestry that is Métis and participates in Métis political activities
The word  recent  makes the option fit to be discarded.

Not Have: N is, therefore, restricted to one of the last two options.

D. Has recent ancestry that is not Métis
Clearly this is a No go situation from the very look. The person fitting in the above category would never be eligible to Metis rights. 
This could be a straight answer unless we start diving deep in it, a situation that I too found myself in initially. 
The above could translate into
(i) Has recent ancestary that is Metis, something that will again not fit in.
(ii) Has long-standing ancestary that is not Metis, again something that will not fit in.
(iii) Has long standing ancestary that is Metis, a required situation.
 But, do we really require to dive so deep into analysing a situation, which otherwise just warrants a Yes have or No have answer. 
A straightway answer should have been:  no, a person with recent ancestry that is not Métis is not eligible for rights.

E. Has never participated in Métis political activities
We are looking for  long-standing participation in the community’s cultural   or   political activities .
The answer would be: Ok, he could have participated in community's cultural activities.
 The reason for this not be considered for N is word  or.

Answer: B and D

Iwillget770 · Answer

Hi  chetan2u ,

I chose option 1 for  H

I cannot understand Option 2 for  H

The Métis people of Canada are of First Nations and European ancestry. The government grants certain special rights to Métis individuals. To receive these rights,

Condition 1 :an individual must self-identify as Métis and 
Condition 2 :must not have self-identified only recently in order to receive these rights. 
Condition 3 :The individual must also have Métis ancestry and 
Condition 4: be accepted as Métis by a modern Métis community. 
Condition 4a:Acceptance by a modern Métis community is shown only by long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities.

Option 2: 
 Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities

One cannot self identify as Metis due to long standing participation in Metis Political Activity. 
One is accepted as as Métis by a modern Métis community when one has long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities.

One can have a  long-standing participation in the community’s cultural or political activities  but may not have  Metis Ancestry

Whereas Option 1 :

Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing Métis ancestry is logically falling in Condition 1 and Condition 3

Please guide

imRaj · Answer

Hey  chetan2u   Sajjad1994 , how the answer of the 2nd Q ie N is D option. So if we negate N we get - doesn't Has recent ancestry that is not Métis. Now, if someone doesn't have recent Non-metis ancestory then still how can we conclude that they will have long standing metis ancestory? They may have recent Metis ancenstory only. Furthurmore, the most important point,which is the acceptance by metis community, is fully missing here. Based upon only ancestory we cannot give the rights. We shd have acceptance from metis community as well. Pls explain the flaw in my reasoning and also what's the reasoning behind getting answer D?

jaky_nguyen · Answer

I have a concern about the 2nd choice of OA: NOT having N "Has recent ancestry that is not Métis".

For example, If the individual has recent ancestry that is D (not Métis), then according to the condition, this person NOT having D could have recent ancestry that is  E  or  Métis

jaky_nguyen · Answer

imRaj 
I agree with you that They  may have (not must have)  recent Metis ancenstory.

You miss the 1st option showing that they self-indentified Metis and were accepted by metis community due to long standing participation

manasp35 · Answer

GMATNinja  could you rescue us ?

manasp35 · Answer

Iwillget770  I also had similar doubt but I think the difference between the two options is because of condition 2. Option 1 says self identifies because of long standing Metis ancestory. Possibility he self identified quite recently. While in case of option 2, this person is self identified because of long standing participation in community, meaning he is in for long time. He didn't self identified quite recently.

ashutosh_73 · Answer

Hi  KarishmaB 
I learnt have learnt that  ''when negating complex sentences (sentences that contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause), always negate the verb in the independent (i.e. main) clause only. The dependent clause does not bear the weight of the negation, and should be left intact''

So,  NOT  of    Has recent ancestry that is not Métis"    should be    Has not recent ancestry that is not Metis  ,  right? May be it is  Inuit?

KarishmaB · Answer

Sure, but what does "Doesn't have recent ancestry that is not Metis" mean? It means his recent ancestry is Metis. After all, he has recent ancestry, and if it is not non-Metis, then it must be Metis. Therefore, instead of writing two non negatives, I would write it as a positive statement for clarity.

ashutosh_73 · Answer

Hi  KarishmaB  I am sorry, but i got confused. 
If I  ''Don't have recent ancestry that is not Metis"  , then maybe  ''i have long-standing ancestry, which is something else that is not ''Metis'', let say Inuit ? 
Both are along the same lines.
I find it bit difficult to understand that  ''Don't have recent ancestry that is not Metis" = Have recent Metis Ancestry 
Help!!

jaky_nguyen · Answer

@ ashutosh_73 , I have the same concern.

Hope experts help clarify this!

GMATNinja · Answer

I think the always-amazing Karishma might already have rescued you (and everybody else!), but this is a really tough question, so we'll throw in our two cents, just in case it helps anybody. The key to this one is that we're talking about ONE individual who has H and who does not have N (as opposed to one individual who has H and a different individual who does not have N). No single option in the H column is sufficient to prove that an individual checks all of the boxes. For example, option 1 is not sufficient because an individual who "self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing Métis ancestry" might not be accepted as Métis by a modern Métis community. So we need to find a pair of options that, together, prove that the individual satisfies ALL of the conditions. Looking at the second option, an individual who "self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities" might not have Métis ancestry. So having the second option is NOT sufficient on its own, and we will still need something that establishes the individual's Métis ancestry. Here's where it gets fun: NOT having option 4 gives us that. The double negative is confusing, so consider the following question: "Do you have recent ancestry that is NOT Métis?" If you have any NON-Métis recent history, then you must respond "Yes" to that question ("Yes, I have recent ancestry that is not Métis."). The only individuals who can respond "No" are individuals who ONLY have recent ancestry that IS Métis (i"No, I do NOT have recent ancestry that is NOT Métis. I ONLY have recent ancestry that IS Métis."). So NOT having option 4 guarantees that you DO have Métis ancestry. Combine that with HAVING option 2, and you guarantee that all of the boxes are checked. That's nasty. If you struggled with this, just know that you're not alone.

Gemmie · Answer

To determine the appropriate characteristics that satisfy the legal advocate's criterion for receiving the rights associated with Métis membership, let's restate the requirements:
 
 Self-identify as Métis (not only recently and for the purpose of receiving rights). 
 Have Métis ancestry. 
 Be accepted as Métis by a modern Métis community:  shown by long-standing participation in cultural or political activities.  
 H: Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities: 
=> Self-identification (not for the purpose of receiving the rights) (1) + Accepted by the community (3)

N: Has recent ancestry that is not Métis 
=> Ancestry (2): If this characteristic is NOT present, it implies that the individual does have Métis ancestry, which is required.

H+N combined make the person satisfying all 3 requirments

Elite097 · Answer

KarishmaB  as per the question stem are we required to ensure that the H and N combined have to be sufficient or do they all just have to represent even just.a subset of all requirements?

KarishmaB · Answer

We don't know what is sufficienct to get Metis rights. All we know is that 3 things are necessary as per the advocate.

And the question stem states: ... most clearly satisfy the legal advocate’s stated criterion for receiving the rights associated with Métis membership.

We only have to worry about satisfying the stated criterion.

Elite097 · Answer

KarishmaB  so in that case do we have to necessarily cover all the given (three) criteria or we could do with any two/ any one also to answer this ? Just trying to understand the expectation of the question.

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Legal advocate: The Métis people of Canada are of First Nations and

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H	N
		Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing Métis ancestry
		Self-identifies as Métis due to long-standing participation in Métis political activities
		Has recent ancestry that is Métis and participates in Métis political activities
		Has recent ancestry that is not Métis
		Has never participated in Métis political activities

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Legal advocate: The Métis people of Canada are of First Nations and

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