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Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products? (A) 5% (B) 10% (C) 15% (D) 25% (E) 30% Source: GMAT Club Tests - hardest GMAT questions Let b_i denote the percentage of buyers who regularly buy i products, and b_x the percentage of buyers who regularly purchase product x . We can construct these equations: \left{ \begin{eqnarray*} b_1 + 2b_2 + 3b_3 &=& b_m+b_c+b_a = 60\% + 50\% + 35\% = 145\%\\ b_1+b_2+b_3 &=& 100\%\\ b_3 &=& 10\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}Subtract the second one from the first one: \begin{eqnarray*} b_2+2b_3 = 45\%\\ b_2 = 25\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}Alternative explanation: We can construct the equation: \begin{eqnarray*} 100% = (60% + 50% + 35%) - x - 2*10%\\ \end{eqnarray*}In the sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy two products twice, so we have to extract x . In the same sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy three products thrice, so we have to extract 2*10%. Therefore, all customers are counted only once. The correct answer is D. In the alternative explanation it is stated that customers that buy two products are counted twice, but aren't they counted three times? I don't quite understand.
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snowy2009 wrote: Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products?
(C) 2008 GMAT Club - m03#7
* 5%
* 10%
* 15%
* 25%
* 30%
Let b_i denote the percentage of buyers who regularly buy i products, and b_x the percentage of buyers who regularly purchase product x . We can construct these equations:
\left{ \begin{eqnarray*} b_1 + 2b_2 + 3b_3 &=& b_m+b_c+b_a = 60\% + 50\% + 35\% = 145\%\\ b_1+b_2+b_3 &=& 100\%\\ b_3 &=& 10\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}
Subtract the second one from the first one:
\begin{eqnarray*} b_2+2b_3 = 45\%\\ b_2 = 25\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}
Alternative explanation:
We can construct the equation:
\begin{eqnarray*} 100% = (60% + 50% + 35%) - x - 2*10%\\ \end{eqnarray*}
In the sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy two products twice, so we have to extract x . In the same sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy three products thrice, so we have to extract 2*10%. Therefore, all customers are counted only once.
The correct answer is D.
In the alternative explanation it is stated that customers that buy two products are counted twice, but aren't they counted three times? I don't quite understand. They are counted thrice but should be counted only once. Therefore, they are deducted twice. So now they are counted once. Hope you got it. 
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In the standard explanation the formula given is:
Total = G_1 + G_2 + G_3 + N - B - T * (3 - 1) , where T is members of three groups and B is members of only two groups.
What is the (3-1) given here? Is it always (3-1) or 2 when there are 3 groups?
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I could use some help on this one. I have been wracking my brain and I can't seem to understand where the T*(3-1) comes from. I understand how to handle questions with 2 groups, but I haven't been able to figure out the 3 group ones.
Thanks in advance for the help.
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snowy2009 wrote: Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products?
(C) 2008 GMAT Club - m03#7
* 5%
* 10%
* 15%
* 25%
* 30% m = 60 c = 50 a = 35 mca = 10 mc+ca+am = ? total = m+c+a - (mc+ca+am) - 2mca 100 = 60+50+35 - (mc+ca+am) - 2(10) mc+ca+am = 25
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D
This how i solved
60% buy milk
50% buy chicken
35% buy apples
10% buy all three
people who brought not all three:
60-10 = 50% milk
50-10 = 40% chicken
35-10 = 25% apples
total comes to 115% but we have only 90% of people (As 10% had brought all the three)
so, 115-90 = 25%
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snowy2009 wrote:
In the alternative explanation it is stated that customers that buy two products are counted twice, but aren't they counted three times? I don't quite understand.
They are actually counted thrice, this is why only 2 times it is subtracted. Because we want to keep the amount of all 3 inclusive once only.
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snowy2009 wrote: Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products? (A) 5% (B) 10% (C) 15% (D) 25% (E) 30% Source: GMAT Club Tests - hardest GMAT questions Let b_i denote the percentage of buyers who regularly buy i products, and b_x the percentage of buyers who regularly purchase product x . We can construct these equations: \left{ \begin{eqnarray*} b_1 + 2b_2 + 3b_3 &=& b_m+b_c+b_a = 60\% + 50\% + 35\% = 145\%\\ b_1+b_2+b_3 &=& 100\%\\ b_3 &=& 10\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}Subtract the second one from the first one: \begin{eqnarray*} b_2+2b_3 = 45\%\\ b_2 = 25\%\\ \end{eqnarray*}Alternative explanation: We can construct the equation: \begin{eqnarray*} 100% = (60% + 50% + 35%) - x - 2*10%\\ \end{eqnarray*}In the sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy two products twice, so we have to extract x . In the same sum (60%+50%+35%) we count customers that buy three products thrice, so we have to extract 2*10%. Therefore, all customers are counted only once. The correct answer is D. In the alternative explanation it is stated that customers that buy two products are counted twice, but aren't they counted three times? I don't quite understand. x - sum of AnB,BnC,CnA 100 = 60% + 50% + 35% - x + 10 x=55 exactly two products = 55-3(10) = 25 hence D.
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100 = M+C+A+N-T-2C N=those who bought none of the products- since the customers buy at least one of the products, N = 0 C = those who bought all three products - 10 T = those who bought exactly two of the products? 100 = 60 + 50 + 35 + 0-T -2*10 100 = 145 - T - 20 => T = 25% N.B: where the no of the total products is given we simply multiply by 25% to get the ans is numerical.
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I used Venn diagrams with the info below.
Given:
Total Milk = 60
Total Chicken = 50
Total Apples = 35
Milk, Chicken, and Apples = 10
Your Venn diagram now looks as follows:
Milk, Chicken, and Apples = 10
Just Apples and Milk = X
Just Milk and Chicken = Y
Just Chicken and Apples = Z
Just Milk = 60-X-Y-10 = 50-X-Z
Just Chicken = 50-Y-Z-10 = 40-X-Z
Just Apples = 35-X-Z-10 = 25-X-Z
Assume 100 customers (because question gives %'s):
Total = All parts of the Venn diagram added together
100 = 10+X+Y+Z+50-X-Z+40-X-Z+25-X-Z
100 = 125-X-Y-Z
-25 = -X-Y-Z
25 = X+Y+Z
25/100 = 25%
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snowy2009 wrote: Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products?
(A) 5%
(B) 10%
(C) 15%
(D) 25%
(E) 30% 100%={customers who buy milk}+{customers who buy chicken}+{customers who buy apples} - {customer who buy exactly 2 products} - 2*{customers who by exactly 3 products}+{customers who buy neither of the products}100=60+50+35-x-2*10+0 --> x=25. Answer: D. For more about the formulas for 3 overlapping sets please see my post at: formulae-for-3-overlapping-sets-69014.html?hilit=rather%20memorizeHope it helps.
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M + MC + MA + MAC = 60 C + MC + AC + MAC = 50 A + AC + MA + MAC = 35 MAC = 10 M + C + A + MA + MC + AC + MAC = 100 The question is asking -> MC + MA + AC = ? M + C + A + 2MC + 2MA + 2AC + 3MAC = 145 => MC + MA + AC + 2MAC = 45 => MC + MA + AC = 45 - 2*10 = 25 ANswer - D
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lionslion wrote: D
This how i solved
60% buy milk
50% buy chicken
35% buy apples
10% buy all three
people who brought not all three:
60-10 = 50% milk
50-10 = 40% chicken
35-10 = 25% apples
total comes to 115% but we have only 90% of people (As 10% had brought all the three)
so, 115-90 = 25% Nice explanation!!! I got stucked here -total comes to 115% but we have only 90% of people (As 10% had brought all the three). Thanks!
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M*=60%
C*=50%
A*=35%
MCA=10%
MA+MC+CA=?
MC* = |C*-(100%-M*)| = |50%-(100%-60%)| = 10%
MC = MC*-MCA = 10%-10% = 0%
MA+CA = A*-MCA = 35%-10% = 25%
MA+MC+CA = 0%+25% = 25%
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username123 wrote: I used Venn diagrams with the info below.
Given:
Total Milk = 60
Total Chicken = 50
Total Apples = 35
Milk, Chicken, and Apples = 10
Your Venn diagram now looks as follows:
Milk, Chicken, and Apples = 10
Just Apples and Milk = X
Just Milk and Chicken = Y
Just Chicken and Apples = Z
Just Milk = 60-X-Y-10 = 50-X-Z
Just Chicken = 50-Y-Z-10 = 40-X-Z
Just Apples = 35-X-Z-10 = 25-X-Z
Assume 100 customers (because question gives %'s):
Total = All parts of the Venn diagram added together
100 = 10+X+Y+Z+50-X-Z+40-X-Z+25-X-Z
100 = 125-X-Y-Z
-25 = -X-Y-Z
25 = X+Y+Z
25/100 = 25% simple yet touch....loved username123 explanations... thanks @username123
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Bunnel man........ lend me your brain for just 4 hours!!!!!
Got C but your approch is definatey best one....
Once again respect!!!
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I too used Venn diagram.
Since Milk, Chicken and Apples all have 10 common, lets consider the 10 only once. Also since the data is given in percentage, total will be 100
(60 - 10) + (40-10) + (35 -10) + 10 = Total (i.e 100) + Percentage of customers purchasing exact 2 products.
Solving this, Percentage of customers purchasing exact 2 products = 25
Hence answer is D.
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Bunuel wrote: snowy2009 wrote: Foodmart customers regularly buy at least one of the following products: milk, chicken, or apples. 60% of shoppers buy milk, 50% buy chicken, and 35% buy apples. If 10% of the customers buy all 3 products, what percentage of Foodmart customers purchase exactly 2 of the above products?
(A) 5%
(B) 10%
(C) 15%
(D) 25%
(E) 30% 100%={customers who buy milk}+{customers who buy chicken}+{customers who buy apples} - {customer who buy exactly 2 products} - 2*{customers who by exactly 3 products}+{customers who buy neither of the products}100=60+50+35-x-2*10+0 --> x=25. Answer: D. For more about the formulas for 3 overlapping sets please see my post at: formulae-for-3-overlapping-sets-69014.html?hilit=rather%20memorizeHope it helps. Hi Bunuel .. the link you provided showed that : 3. To determine the No of persons in exactly two of the sets : P(A n B) + P(A n C) + P(B n C) – 3P(A n B n C) How can we apply this equation here ? we do not have the intersection of each two sets. Thanks in advance 
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Hi everyone,
I have across the below method which is good in solving venn problems..
Consider
ppl who buy only one product as X
ppl who buy only two products as Y
ppl who buy only three products as Z
ppl who buy no products as N
Assume 100% of ppl to be 100 numbers for simplicity
N is 0 in our case. So X + 2Y + 3Z = 60+50+35
and X + Y + Z + N = 0
From above we get Y + 2Z = 45
Given Z = 10 So Y will be 25.
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I used venn diagram. Here is my solution.
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