Two students are discussing three themes from One Hundred Years of Sol

Question

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Two students are discussing three themes from  One Hundred Years of Solitude  by Gabriel García Márquez.

Sipho maintains that every portion of the novel addresses at least one of the themes of time, fate, or magic, but that only 20% of the novel addresses all three themes and that 10% addresses magic only (among these three themes). Further details of his assessment are provided in the Venn diagram.

Anika agrees with much of Sipho's assessment. In particular, for any portion of the novel that, according to Sipho's assessment, addresses the theme of time, Anika agrees that the portion indeed addresses the theme of time. Likewise for the themes of fate and magic. However, contrary to Sipho's assessment, Anika maintains that every portion of the novel that addresses the theme of magic also addresses the theme of fate.

Select from each drop-down menu the option that creates a statement that is consistent with the information provided.

Anika maintains that  GRAPH_1_PLACEHOLDER % of the novel that addresses the theme of time also addresses the theme of fate.

Anika maintains that  GRAPH_2_PLACEHOLDER % of the novel addresses the theme of magic.

ID: 700230

egmat · Accepted Answer

This is a very interesting question that may appear to be easy to begin with since it has an all too familiar Venn Diagram as the graph.  However, if one does not solve this question with the mindset of “owning the dataset”, then they will get confused in the language play of this question.

Let’s understand the various turns that are present in this question.  First of all, you are given the Venn Diagram and textual presentation of Sipho.

1.    Turn 1 – You need to comprehend how Anika differs from Sipho.
2.    Turn 2 – You now need to translate this difference presented in text form into Anika’s venn diagram. 
3.    Turn 3 – You then need to understand what the question is asking.
4.    Turn 4 – And to answer the question, you then need to translate the information from the Venn diagram back into English.

Watch the detailed solution below to understand how best to navigate through these turns!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jI0ZdSu_pV4

Let us know if you have any questions.

KarishmaB · Answer

I favour visual approaches and that is what I would use here too: make a new venn diagram as per Anika to answer the question.

We are told that Anika agrees with Sipho's assessment - if he says that a section addresses magic, she agrees.
If he says that a section addresses time, she agrees. etc.

But, she is adding themes to portions of the novel. She says that every section that addresses magic addresses fate too. So she moved the magic circle inside the fate circle. The 10% "only magic" part got added to the 20% "magic and fate" part to give 30% "magic and fate" part.
The 10% "magic and time" part got added to the 20% part of "all three."
Basically, this is what it looked like (attached).

Attachment:

Screenshot 2024-03-26 at 6.50.58 PM.png

Note that in the original venn also, "only time" = 0 and "only fate" = 0. The given percentages already add up to 100.

Anika maintains that 100% of the novel that addresses the theme of time also addresses the theme of fate. (ANSWER)

The 70% which is in Time circle is in Fate circle too. Hence 100% of the novel that addresses Time addresses Fate too. (So essentially time circle is also inside fate circle)

Anika maintains that 60% of the novel addresses the theme of magic. (ANSWER)

Magic circle has 60%.

chetan2u · Answer

Sipho's assessment: 
Only M = 10%
Only (M&T) = 10%
Only (T&F) = 40%
Only (M&F) = 20%
T&F&M = 20%

Anika agrees that the portion indeed addresses the theme of time. Likewise for the themes of fate and magic.  
 So, Anika agrees that whatever is under each of the theme remains under the same theme. 
Time - 70%, Fate - 80% and Magic - 60%

However, contrary to Sipho's assessment, Anika maintains that every portion of the novel that addresses the theme of magic also addresses the theme of fate. 
 The 60% under theme of magic is also under time. 
So, 10%(only(T&M)) moves under fate theme too, so adds on to T&F&M to increase it from 20% to 30%.
Also, 10%(Only(M)) moves under fate theme too, so adds on to F&M to increase it from 20% to 30%.

Anika maintains that x% of the novel that addresses the theme of time also addresses the theme of fate. 
 As we can see now that entire 100% has moved under FATE, so surely 100% of theme of time has also moved under FATE. x=100%

Anika maintains that y% of the novel addresses the theme of magic.  
There is no shift inwards or outwards from the Magic theme. Only it moves under fate too. so y remains at 60%

MT1302 · Answer

Hello  chetan2u  /  Bunuel  ,

First part :

Anika maintains that ----- % of the novel that addresses the theme of time  also  addresses the theme of fate.

Doesn't ALSO here means that theme of time  AND  team of fate ? 
 
Why are we taking 100% here as answer ?

chetan2u · Answer

Gangadhar111990

I can write ‘ Anika maintains that ----- % of the novel that addresses the theme of time also addresses the theme of fate.’
as ‘ Anika maintains that ----- % of the novel that addresses the theme of time addresses the theme of time AND the theme of fate.

Now, you will realize that 10+20+40 or 70% that addresses the theme of time is a part of theme of fate also, so 100%

Rohit5678 · Answer

As inferred (refer texts in blue) that Anika agrees that each ot the theme remains under the same theme, I used this to maintain individual sums to 70%, 80% and 60% resp even after Anika's changes. So I assumed Anika made 4 changes to Sipho's VD:
1. T&F&M - 20% to 30%.
2. Only(M&F) - 20% to 30%.
3. Only(T&F) - 40% to 20%.
4. Only(T) - 0% to 20%.

Changes 3 and 4 are done to maintain individual sums under each theme.
The solution mentions changes 1 & 2 only. This yields ans of st1. as 100%.
If changes 3 & 4 are also included, then st1. ans is 80%.

My query: If Anika makes changes while agreeing to indv theme totals by Sipho, should we not maintain the individual sums for each theme?

Please help.  chetan2u   egmat   KarishmaB

Rohit5678 · Answer

Hi  KarishmaB , I understood your solution and analysis. Thanks for the prompt response.

What I am still doubtful about is as follows:
Total(Fate) now is 100% as opposed to 80% eariler.

How is this in sync with what Anika said?

Refer Q portion: In particular, for any portion of the novel that, according to Sipho's assessment, addresses the theme of time, Anika agrees that the portion indeed addresses the theme of time. Likewise for the themes of fate and magic.

If this is true. Shouldn't changes be made s.t. Total(fate) remains as 80%?

KarishmaB · Answer

But that is not correct. Total fate cannot remain 80.

When Sipho says this portion A has fate, she agrees. When he says portion B has magic, she agrees. But she says that portion B has fate too. This is additional info given by her and hence fate has gone up to 100. 
She agrees with Sypho on all that Sypho says a portion has. But she doesn’t agree with him on what he says the portion doesn’t have. As per him, 10% portion has only magic. She says it does have magic but it has fate too.

Posted from my mobile device

Anonymous · Answer

Could you elaborate on the first question? I thought it as follows: the definition of percentage is (part/total)*100 so  part  is the pieces of Venn that include time and fate so 70% of the novel.  Total  are the 3 sections: t-f 40%, f-m 30%, t-f-m 30% and I ended up again to 70%. Probably in both solutions I'm missing the same point  chetan2u   KarishmaB   GMATCoachBen   ScottTargetTestPrep   manasp35

shilrn · Answer

Anika agrees that the portion indeed addresses the theme of time. Likewise for the themes of fate and magic.
So, Anika agrees that whatever is under each of the theme remains under the same theme.
Time - 70%, Fate - 80% and Magic - 60%

If the above statement is true, then how can 100% moved under FAME? It has to remain 80% at the end as well, right?
That basically means time alone gets 20% of 40% of the share between time and fate to match everything.
Only Time= 20%
Time intersection Fame = 20%
All intersection= 30%
Magic and fame intersection - 30%
This makes all the themes to be same after Anika's change. That is Time=70%, Fame=80%, and Magic=30%
making the answers 1) 50% and 2) 60% respectively.
Can someone explain what am I missing here?

aakritibirla11 · Answer

Hey, So when Anika says that every portion of magic is also a portion of fate , there's only one bit that we need to edit, which is the 10% overlap between time and magic . Now, because the passage also says that she agrees with the portion classification Sipho has done, you basically get the hint that the "totals" don't really change. So imagine this: She's saying that the 10% that is currently part of magic and fate is ALSO part of fate. So, it has to go in the cross-section of all 3 . And now when you see your Venn Diagram, you notice that there is no section of time that ONLY addresses time. It either addresses both, time and fate, or time, fate AND magic. So, ALL of time is part of fate . So, basically, 100% of all parts on time are also parts of fate. Here, the 100% isn't 100% of the novel, but "100% of the novel that addresses time". Phew. Hope this helped. PS. I got it wrong, and am pretty sure I will again.

Can't fight this stuff jeez.

SudsMeister · Answer

There are 2 ways to do this.

First is the quick and swift way:

The only change that we are asked to make is - every portion of the novel that addresses the theme of magic also addresses the theme of fate.
So, we need to move the 10% lying in Time & Magic and the 10% lying only in Magic into the Fate circle in such a way that all the circles' total values remain same. The values in Time and Machine will move into some part of the Fate circle such that the total of Time remains 70, and total of Fate remains 80. Notice that in doing so, all of Time's values will fall in some portion of Fate's. Similarly, values in Magic alone move into some part of Fate such that both totals remain same.

Basically, the Time circle's all values are lying in the shared area with Fate. And the Magic circle's all values are lying in the shared area with Fate. We don't need the exact split but we just need to know the total amount. And the total amount remains the same as per the question stem i.e. Time = 70%, Fate = 80%, Magic = 60%.

Thus:
100% of all of Time's values, lie in Fate too.
60% of value lies in Magic (as it was before, no change in totals).

Second way, the longer way:

We need to play around with numbers to reach the exact split.

Firstly, let's mark Time & Fate area as A, Time & Machine & Fate as B, and Magic & Fate as C.
All our values will be inside A, B, or C, such that T = 70, F = 80, M = 60.

Firstly, move 10 from T&M into A and move 10 from M only into C.
This makes A= 40, B = 30, C = 30. Thus, T = 70, M = 60 (upto here it is okay), but F = 100. Which is not possible.

If we want to reduce absolute value of F, one way to do is to increase B. Let's increase B by 10. A = 30, B = 40, C = 20, making F = 90.
Let's do it once again. A = 20, B = 50, C = 10. Now, T = 70, M = 60, F = 80. This works.

Question 1: ___ part of Time also lies in Fate.
Time = A + B = 70.
Fate = A + B + C = 80.
So, all of Time lies in Fate = 100%

Question 2: ___ is total value of Magic.
Magic = B + C = 50 + 10 = 60%

Two students are discussing three themes from One Hundred Years of Sol

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