Methods to researching schools

Jerz pretty much summed it up. I just want to comment on your specific criteria:

1. If you look at the "top 16" - ultra elite and elite clusters, per this website's "ranking" system - you only knocked 3 schools off and added one. Now you are down to 14 schools. I would further narrow your list down by trying to decide which schools are "stretch", "target" and "safety" schools and how aggressive you want to be. For example, I applied to 1 stretch and 3 targets in Round 1. Then I did 1 target and 1 stretch in Round 2 since I got an early acceptance. If I didn't get that acceptance, I planned to apply to a couple safer schools in Round 2. Don't be afraid to look outside the top-16 either. There are a lot of great schools in the 16-25 range.
2. Contrary to popular belief, I've found that all schoools tend to be extremely social. MBA programs are not PhD programs and you will not find an overly "academic type". Some schools just have a different feel to them...For example, the more isolated (i.e. not in the middle of a major city - Kellogg, Tuck, Duke, etc) have a different feel than the schools that are in major cities (Wharton, Chicago, NYU, etc). You just have to decide which atmosphere you like better...I can personally see benefits of both; campus visits and conversations with students/alumni are the best way to learn more about the schools though.
3. Most top schools place well in management consulting since it is one of the most popular post-MBA career paths. So this probably shouldn't be a huge deciding factor for you. Some may have slightly better reputations than others in this field, but I don't think the difference is huge in most cases. If you want the top firms, M/B/B, prestige can play a factor, but that is debatable too.
4. Most (all?) top schools have exchange opportunities. The websites can provide more info though.

So I think the biggest differentiating factors are location and size. Do you want to live in a big city where there are a lot of different things to do or do you want to fully immerse yourself in the program by living in a college town? Do you want to go to a big program that is somewhat anonymous, or do you want to go to a smaller program where most people know everyone in the program? Once you make this decision, it will come down to deciding how many schools you want to apply to and how risky you want to be.

Some people look at things like campus facilities/buildings and curriculum structure, but those aren't huge factors for me.