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In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of

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In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 03 Jul 2021, 04:58
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In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

(A) of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
(B) of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
(C) all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
(D) all the other planets, each contributing according to its
(E) all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their
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D

Originally posted by Allen760 on 20 Oct 2006, 18:06.
Last edited by Bunuel on 03 Jul 2021, 04:58, edited 1 time in total.
Edited the question.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   23 May 2012, 05:59
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uledssul wrote:
I wasn't sure of 'of all'/ 'all the other' split because they both seemed okay to me.
For the antecedents, its and their, Can somebody explain better about this?

As far as I know, you can't get rid of the choices strictly according to the ambiguity of antecedent usage.
I was thinking about the followings,
its = each of planets and the sun
their = the sun and all the other planets

Please help!

Thanks.


Hi There,

In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their

Notice that each answer choice has “each” that makes the subject singular. Even if “each” is referring to “Sun and all the other planets”, it turns all the entities into singular. Hence, when we use “each” to talk about “Sun and all the other planets”, the pronoun that we use to refer to those entities that actually stands for “each” should be singular.

So in this problem, we have a case of pronoun antecedent number disagreement and not the ambiguity. We can eliminate Choices A, B, and E because of the use of plural “their” with singular “each”.

Choice C is incorrect because “which” should introduce a clause. There is no verb after “which” that makes the choice incorrect.

Choice D is precise and free of errors.

Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   30 Oct 2014, 01:29
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Yes, "their" is wrong because it doesn't agree with "each."

You can't say "each of which contributing." Adding "of which" makes "each" into a subject which would then need the verb "contributes."

In D, "each contributing" serves as a modifier--"each" doesn't serve as a subject.

Compare these:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each dreaming of landing a big role.
The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreamed of landing a big role.

Those both work. What we wouldn't want to say is this:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreaming of landing a big role.

Hopefully, that sounds awful to you! The sentence we're dealing with here works in the same way.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   23 May 2012, 03:31
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51. In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their

I wasn't sure of 'of all'/ 'all the other' split because they both seemed okay to me.
For the antecedents, its and their, Can somebody explain better about this?

As far as I know, you can't get rid of the choices strictly according to the ambiguity of antecedent usage.
I was thinking about the followings,
its = each of planets and the sun
their = the sun and all the other planets

Please help!

Thanks.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   17 Sep 2013, 11:36
In correct answer choice 'each contributing....' is a modifier that modifies the main clause, right? Why there is no verb in this modifier? can someone please explains it to me. Thanks
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   17 Sep 2013, 11:47
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zazoz wrote:
In correct answer choice 'each contributing....' is a modifier that modifies the main clause, right? Why there is no verb in this modifier? can someone please explains it to me. Thanks


It is actually an absolute phrase that answers the HOW aspect of the preceding clause.
Best regards,
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   30 Oct 2014, 00:32
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raj0774 wrote:
its should refer to planets ,which is wrong .so correct ans should not be D .PLS I M CONFUSED BETWEEN E & D


Hi Raj

'its' is referring to 'each' and not 'planets'

Let's look at the sentence:

In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

their (plural ) can't be paired with each (singular) and thus, A, B, and E can be eliminated.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their- wrong pronoun
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their- wrong pronoun
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their- wrong pronoun

We are down to two now

C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its

Use of 'each of which' is imprecise here. 'each of which' like 'which' requires a verb after that. As there is no verb after 'each of which', the construction is imprecise.

Correct use of 'each of which' -
select any two answer choices, each of which can be used to complete the sentence.
I have bought several books, each of which is based on a different theme.


D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its

Answer D

Hope it helps!
Dolly :)
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   08 Jan 2015, 11:46
DmitryFarber wrote:
Yes, "their" is wrong because it doesn't agree with "each."

You can't say "each of which contributing." Adding "of which" makes "each" into a subject which would then need the verb "contributes."

In D, "each contributing" serves as a modifier--"each" doesn't serve as a subject.

Compare these:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each dreaming of landing a big role.
The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreamed of landing a big role.

Those both work. What we wouldn't want to say is this:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreaming of landing a big role.



Hopefully, that sounds awful to you! The sentence we're dealing with here works in the same way.



Hi Dmitry,

Can you shed some more light on "each of which" and "each of whom" constructions from a grammatical standpoint.
I mean I couldn't grasp how each of whom/each of which can act as a subject , while a singular each can't. :?

Thanks,
SR
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   08 Jan 2015, 13:24
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It's not that a solitary "each" can't serve as a subject--it's that it doesn't have to. The word "each" can serve as either a pronoun or a modifier (adjective/adverb).

Pronoun: Each one of these paintings is worth a million dollars.
Modifier: There are three bedrooms, each with its own bathroom.

However, we can also use "each" as a pronoun in a modifying clause. In this case, we use "of which/of whom" to signal that we are building such a clause.

He ordered several different dishes, each of which could have served as a meal in its own right.

Here, "each" is the subject and "could" is the main verb. We typically do this to express something more complicated than we could in a normal modifier. Notice that because we have a complex set of verbs ("could have served"), it would be hard to express this without a full clause. If we said "each serving as a meal in its own right," that would change the intended meaning (each dish actually is a meal).

I hope that helps!
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   16 Sep 2015, 07:27
Hi DmitryFarber, as I studied earlier, each can have both plural and singular noun depending whether we have plural noun before or after "each".

e.g.
The three networks each: Plural
Each of the three networks: Singular

Is this concept wrong? Over here each came after plural noun so why we don't have plural pronoun? Is it because of comma between plural noun and each?
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   17 Sep 2015, 23:07
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No, "each"' is always singular. It is correct to say "The three networks each provide similar programming," but only because in this case "each" is not the subject, but a modifier. The subject is "the three networks," which is of course plural.

So if you see "Each of . . .," "each" is serving as a singular noun. However, if you see "The [plural noun] each," then "each" is serving as a modifier on the verb, which should in turn agree with the plural subject.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   23 Mar 2016, 22:51
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PrakharGMAT wrote:
Hi Experts / chetan2u / daagh,

Can you please tell whats wrong with option C. Its very difficult to choose between C and D.

Please assist.


Hi,
lets see the two choices--

Quote:
In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its


what is the role of 'contributing and the phrase connected with it..
It basically speaks on the previous clause, thus modifying the clause..

But use of each of which makes 'each of which' as a SUBJECT and therefore requires a VERB..
It would be correct if we say--
each of which is contributing..
each of which contributes...
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   24 Mar 2016, 02:39
Hi chetan2u,

I am not able to understand "each" vs "each of which"
as you said "each of which" behaves like a subject and hence we need a verb for it.
According to the only difference I see between "each" and "each o which" is the later is wordy.

Just for future reference can I say --> If I come across "each of which" then I should always look for a verb..??

Please assist.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   24 Mar 2016, 05:26
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PrakharGMAT wrote:
Hi chetan2u,

I am not able to understand "each" vs "each of which"
as you said "each of which" behaves like a subject and hence we need a verb for it.
According to the only difference I see between "each" and "each o which" is the later is wordy.

Just for future reference can I say --> If I come across "each of which" then I should always look for a verb..??

Please assist.


Hi,

Each can be a pronoun or an adjective..
when used as an adjective / modifier, it is not necessary that it should have a verb, as in this Q in correct choice

Each of which is always a pronoun and will be a part of a clause with a VERB..
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   06 May 2016, 09:42
chetan2u wrote:
Hi,

Each can be a pronoun or an adjective..
when used as an adjective / modifier, it is not necessary that it should have a verb, as in this Q in correct choice

Each of which is always a pronoun and will be a part of a clause with a VERB..


Hi chetan2u,

Could you help with this one, I have some questions about this SC:

(1) If we want to substitute "Each of them" for "Each of which" in this case, then what the modified sentence will be? From grammatical standpoint, does "Each of them" act in the same way as "Each of which" or "Each"?

(2) As you mentioned, "Each" can be a pronoun or an adjective, so it is also grammatically correct to say "...results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributes according to its mass...", right? And if it is the case, then does this version incur any differences from the OA?

Thanks for your help :)
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   08 May 2016, 09:39
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thuyduong91vnu wrote:
chetan2u wrote:
Hi,

Each can be a pronoun or an adjective..
when used as an adjective / modifier, it is not necessary that it should have a verb, as in this Q in correct choice

Each of which is always a pronoun and will be a part of a clause with a VERB..


Hi chetan2u,

Could you help with this one, I have some questions about this SC:

(1) If we want to substitute "Each of them" for "Each of which" in this case, then what the modified sentence will be? From grammatical standpoint, does "Each of them" act in the same way as "Each of which" or "Each"?

(2) As you mentioned, "Each" can be a pronoun or an adjective, so it is also grammatically correct to say "...results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributes according to its mass...", right? And if it is the case, then does this version incur any differences from the OA?

Thanks for your help :)



Quote:
In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their

Hi,

refer your PM.. you should tag a name with @ for a person to know.. like thuyduong91vnu ... it is @ + thuyduong91vnu
1) first query, each of them behaves more like each of which..
2) No, it will not be correct..
WHY?
because contributes is a VERB and makes the modifier starting with 'each' as a dependent clause but there is no conjunction joining 'it' to main clause..
In the original, contributing is a participle and can act as a modifier, so its OK
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   01 May 2017, 14:07
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In option D , the clause starting with " Each contributing according to its " does not have a verb. As per my understanding the in a clause there must be a subject and a verb. So the subject is each but where is the verb ?
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   02 May 2017, 09:10
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Dixitraghav, the phrase beginning with "each contributing" is just a modifier here, so you don't need a subject and a verb. Both DmitryFarber and chetan2u touch on this issue in their explanations on page 2 of this thread, but there's no need for a main verb in the last half of the sentence.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   09 Jun 2017, 03:37
egmat wrote:
uledssul wrote:
I wasn't sure of 'of all'/ 'all the other' split because they both seemed okay to me.
For the antecedents, its and their, Can somebody explain better about this?

As far as I know, you can't get rid of the choices strictly according to the ambiguity of antecedent usage.
I was thinking about the followings,
its = each of planets and the sun
their = the sun and all the other planets

Please help!

Thanks.


Hi There,

In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of each planet in the solar system results from the combined gravitational pull of the Sun and of all the other planets, each contributing according to their mass and distance from the others.

A. of all the other planets, each contributing according to their
B. of all the other planets, with each of them contributing according to their
C. all the other planets, each of which contributing according to its
D. all the other planets, each contributing according to its
E. all the other planets, each of which contribute according to their

Notice that each answer choice has “each” that makes the subject singular. Even if “each” is referring to “Sun and all the other planets”, it turns all the entities into singular. Hence, when we use “each” to talk about “Sun and all the other planets”, the pronoun that we use to refer to those entities that actually stands for “each” should be singular.

So in this problem, we have a case of pronoun antecedent number disagreement and not the ambiguity. We can eliminate Choices A, B, and E because of the use of plural “their” with singular “each”.

Choice C is incorrect because “which” should introduce a clause. There is no verb after “which” that makes the choice incorrect.

Choice D is precise and free of errors.

Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha


Hello Shraddha.

Just to make understand better your comment:what you are basically saying is that if, in C, we had a "Contributes" instead of "Contributing" would make the choice valid?

Thanks,

Gabriel.
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink] New post   09 Jun 2017, 07:30
DmitryFarber wrote:
Yes, "their" is wrong because it doesn't agree with "each."

You can't say "each of which contributing." Adding "of which" makes "each" into a subject which would then need the verb "contributes."

In D, "each contributing" serves as a modifier--"each" doesn't serve as a subject.

Compare these:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each dreaming of landing a big role.
The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreamed of landing a big role.

Those both work. What we wouldn't want to say is this:

The lobby was full of aspiring actors, each of whom dreaming of landing a big role.

Hopefully, that sounds awful to you! The sentence we're dealing with here works in the same way.


What about this sentence?

By this way of abstraction they are made capable of representing more individuals than one; each of which having in it a conformity to that abstract idea, is (as we call it) of that sort.

https://enlightenment.supersaturated.com ... erIII.html
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Re: In his experiments with gravity, Isaac Newton showed how the motion of [#permalink]
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