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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based [#permalink]
 31 Mar 2012, 22:36
in option B, use of 'and' just before fatigue is missing. and is required to complete the list sickness, sleeping and fatigue
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based [#permalink]
06 Apr 2012, 09:31
I have same questions as PIN has. It's official and its correct, but how come "sickness" = noun is parallel to "sleeping on the job" = simple gerund are parallel in this context?
Any experts?
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Re: Recently implemented [#permalink]
30 Oct 2012, 06:06
C and E begin with and; A, B and D do not. Determine the correct position for and. Here, "shift-work equations" have reduced THREE THINGS: sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers. AND must be placed before FATIGUE, the last item in the list. Eliminate A, B and D. In E, have reduced and was lowered are redundant. Eliminate E. The correct answer is C.
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Re: "Shift-work equations" [#permalink]
04 Feb 2013, 22:58
daagh wrote: Just one step forward- The third factor of the reduced series namely 'fatigue' should be separated by a comma to indicate that the series is going to end. Only C and E are eligible contenders. Between them, E is a jumble of unparallel and ungrammatical active and passive voice mix. C survives Hi Daagh, If the option B and C were like this: B - and fatigue among shift workers, and raised C - and fatigue among shift workers while raising then which one would be correct ? B - here AND would imply two independent events and second one would not be a consequence of first one C- while would imply at 'the same time'. So based on the meaning of the sentence which one would be correct? Also as it is, since their is no comma before while we don't know where first list ends. How to decide this?
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based [#permalink]
14 Feb 2013, 10:44
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pinchharmonic wrote: I have another problem with this question entirely. There appears to be a problem which is not even part of the underlined portion.
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
in the mgmat guide for advanced parallelism, it strictly mentions to never parallel a simple gerund phrase with an action now. Only a complex gerund phrase.
I believe "sleeping on the job" is a simple gerund phrase, since I can say "was sleeping on the job"
But let's say they changed it to a complex gerund phrase, "the sleeping on the job", which sounds weird to me btw. It STILL doesn't work because the other two nouns are action nouns.
So then what if they changed "sleeping on the job" to "sleep on the job", a noun entirely? Well that STILL doesn't work because "sleep" is an action noun whereas sickness/fatigue are concrete nouns (at least i think so, because they don't seem to be verb derived.
and mgmat says that you should not parallel action / concrete nouns. I get your same question.. In this sentence the three factors can't be parallel following the MGMAT rule. Is it allowed use two different verb tense in two parallel clauses? have reduced... and raising ?!?! 
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Re: Recently implemented [#permalink]
14 Feb 2013, 15:03
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C is the right answer.
construction is of the form: have reduced A, B, and C while raising
E is wrong because the word lowered is redundant.
Last edited by StrivingTurtle on 14 Feb 2013, 16:17, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based [#permalink]
14 Feb 2013, 16:10
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IanSolo wrote: pinchharmonic wrote: I have another problem with this question entirely. There appears to be a problem which is not even part of the underlined portion.
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
in the mgmat guide for advanced parallelism, it strictly mentions to never parallel a simple gerund phrase with an action now. Only a complex gerund phrase.
I believe "sleeping on the job" is a simple gerund phrase, since I can say "was sleeping on the job"
But let's say they changed it to a complex gerund phrase, "the sleeping on the job", which sounds weird to me btw. It STILL doesn't work because the other two nouns are action nouns.
So then what if they changed "sleeping on the job" to "sleep on the job", a noun entirely? Well that STILL doesn't work because "sleep" is an action noun whereas sickness/fatigue are concrete nouns (at least i think so, because they don't seem to be verb derived.
and mgmat says that you should not parallel action / concrete nouns. I get your same question.. In this sentence the three factors can't be parallel following the MGMAT rule. Is it allowed use two different verb tense in two parallel clauses? have reduced... and raising ?!?! Hi there, Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. There is no problem in the parallelism of the entities in the list because all the three entities are noun entities are grammatically parallel. Yes, “sleeping on the job” is a gerund – a noun that denotes an action. However, “sickness” and “fatigue” are not Concrete Nouns. They are “Abstract Nouns”. By definition, Concrete Nouns are those nouns that are perceivable through five senses whereas the Abstract Nouns are those nouns that can only be experienced or felt. There is no problem in a gerund being parallel to other abstract noun phrases. Frankly speaking, we need not even get to these grammatical complications of these entities. Remember, this is an official question. These entities, at least “sickness” and “sleeping on the job”, are in the non-underlined portion of the sentence. Hence, rather than asking whether usage is correct or not, we must learn such usages from these sentences as they ARE correct. Also, “raising production…” is not a verb. It’s a noun phrase that cannot have a tense. Note that the verb-ing word by itself cannot be a continuous/progressive verb. It must be preceded by such helping verb as is/am/are/was/were etc. to function as a verb. For example: 1. I am writing a letter. 2. He was playing soccer. 3. They are going to school. Hence, in the correct answer choice, there is just one verb tense – “have reduced”. e-gmat concept Parallelism – Helpful Tips lists out the entities that can be parallel and that cannot be parallel. Hope this helps.  Thanks. Shraddha
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based [#permalink]
15 Feb 2013, 05:57
egmat wrote: IanSolo wrote: pinchharmonic wrote: I have another problem with this question entirely. There appears to be a problem which is not even part of the underlined portion.
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
in the mgmat guide for advanced parallelism, it strictly mentions to never parallel a simple gerund phrase with an action now. Only a complex gerund phrase.
I believe "sleeping on the job" is a simple gerund phrase, since I can say "was sleeping on the job"
But let's say they changed it to a complex gerund phrase, "the sleeping on the job", which sounds weird to me btw. It STILL doesn't work because the other two nouns are action nouns.
So then what if they changed "sleeping on the job" to "sleep on the job", a noun entirely? Well that STILL doesn't work because "sleep" is an action noun whereas sickness/fatigue are concrete nouns (at least i think so, because they don't seem to be verb derived.
and mgmat says that you should not parallel action / concrete nouns. I get your same question.. In this sentence the three factors can't be parallel following the MGMAT rule. Is it allowed use two different verb tense in two parallel clauses? have reduced... and raising ?!?! Hi there, Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. There is no problem in the parallelism of the entities in the list because all the three entities are noun entities are grammatically parallel. Yes, “sleeping on the job” is a gerund – a noun that denotes an action. However, “sickness” and “fatigue” are not Concrete Nouns. They are “Abstract Nouns”. By definition, Concrete Nouns are those nouns that are perceivable through five senses whereas the Abstract Nouns are those nouns that can only be experienced or felt. There is no problem in a gerund being parallel to other abstract noun phrases. Frankly speaking, we need not even get to these grammatical complications of these entities. Remember, this is an official question. These entities, at least “sickness” and “sleeping on the job”, are in the non-underlined portion of the sentence. Hence, rather than asking whether usage is correct or not, we must learn such usages from these sentences as they ARE correct. Also, “raising production…” is not a verb. It’s a noun phrase that cannot have a tense. Note that the verb-ing word by itself cannot be a continuous/progressive verb. It must be preceded by such helping verb as is/am/are/was/were etc. to function as a verb. For example: 1. I am writing a letter. 2. He was playing soccer. 3. They are going to school. Hence, in the correct answer choice, there is just one verb tense – “have reduced”. e-gmat concept Parallelism – Helpful Tips lists out the entities that can be parallel and that cannot be parallel. Hope this helps. Thanks. Shraddha So "while raising..." is just a modifier? would be correct a sentence such as ".. and fatigue among shift workers while is raising .." ?
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Re: Recently implemented [#permalink]
20 Feb 2013, 00:48
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. (A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising Correct the list: sickness....,sleeping, and fatigue. Only option C & E have this. But in E, fatigue among shift workers was lowered distorts the parallelism. Therefore, C.
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Re: Recently implemented
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20 Feb 2013, 00:48
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