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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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06 Apr 2012, 09:31
I have same questions as PIN has. It's official and its correct, but how come "sickness" = noun is parallel to "sleeping on the job" = simple gerund are parallel in this context?
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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25 Sep 2012, 11:10
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souvik101990 wrote:
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised not parallel (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raisedthis leades to have reduced raised- nonsensical (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raisingcorrect (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raisedsame as b (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
was lowered spoils the sentence
we have to parallel have reduced [sickness] [sleeping], and [fatigue] - parallel nouns while raising the efficiency. There C must be the correct answer
Concept tested: Parallelism, “items in a list” Difficulty level: Hard Illustration: When we provide a list of items using commas we must maintain the following structure. A, B, C and D. This is a proper parallel structure concerning items in a list, and this structure needs to be maintained in a clause. Another thing of importance in this sentence is the contrast that is presented. This sentence says that “shift work equations” has reduced some stuffs but raised some other stuff. So using “and” to connect this two relationship affects the meaning of the sentence. In A, parallel structure is brokenusing the sudden “have”, “and item in the list” construction is not maintained. According to “item in the list” the construction could be “A has reduced X, Y and Z,but has raised P, Q and R. So we definitely need “and” before “fatigue among shift workers” This concept eliminates A and B. D uses redundant construction “reduced” + “lowered”, which could also act as a fatal double negative. E breaks voice parallelism. We can’t suddenly introduce a passive voice in a list construction where other items are in active voice. C is the correct answer which maintains “item in thelist” and introduces the contrast using “while”. _________________
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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30 Sep 2012, 12:00
adineo wrote:
souvik101990 wrote:
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised not parallel (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raisedthis leades to have reduced raised- nonsensical (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raisingcorrect (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raisedsame as b (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
was lowered spoils the sentence
we have to parallel have reduced [sickness] [sleeping], and [fatigue] - parallel nouns while raising the efficiency. There C must be the correct answer
Broken piece by piece by @adineo !!! Kudos
nothing more to add!!! except How GMAT tricks us by putting a modifier - "based on studies of the human sleep cycle" in between Subject and Verb and confusing us.
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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30 Sep 2012, 13:12
How to ***** is A no parallel ? Seriously, answers like this are killing me.
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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30 Sep 2012, 13:20
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Ivan91 wrote:
How to ***** is A no parallel ? Seriously, answers like this are killing me.
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
Perfectly parallel
Ok, let me try and break this down for you.
THE TRICK HERE : whenever you see a comma(,) before 'and' then it is a list in the form of x,y, and z and you have to make parallel all three x and y and z.
Thus we have to parallel have reduced [sickness] [sleeping], and [fatigue] - parallel nouns while raising the efficiency.
Concept tested: Parallelism, “items in a list” Difficulty level: Hard Illustration: When we provide a list of items using commas we must maintain the following structure. A, B, C and D. This is a proper parallel structure concerning items in a list, and this structure needs to be maintained in a clause. Another thing of importance in this sentence is the contrast that is presented. This sentence says that “shift work equations” has reduced some stuffs but raised some other stuff. So using “and” to connect this two relationship affects the meaning of the sentence. In A, parallel structure is brokenusing the sudden “have”, “and item in the list” construction is not maintained. According to “item in the list” the construction could be “A has reduced X, Y and Z,but has raised P, Q and R. So we definitely need “and” before “fatigue among shift workers” This concept eliminates A and B. D uses redundant construction “reduced” + “lowered”, which could also act as a fatal double negative. E breaks voice parallelism. We can’t suddenly introduce a passive voice in a list construction where other items are in active voice. C is the correct answer which maintains “item in thelist” and introduces the contrast using “while”. _________________
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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10 Oct 2012, 23:48
I chose B.. i thought raised should b parelel..
but after luking at all explanation i must say, C is the rite answer..
got lesson from this question dont be crazy to mark the answer, if u see the parrelel structure..one should know what does sentence want to convey !!
reduced and raise production can not be parelel, for raise it must another dependent word ,such as while to further procede the sentence.
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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11 Oct 2012, 09:15
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Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
Last edited by reto on 02 Jul 2015, 03:36, edited 1 time in total.
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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11 Oct 2012, 10:22
av2012 wrote:
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
according to me the above mentioned sentence is the case of parallelism and it must be option B but answer suggests c can one help me in figuring out the reason??? Thank u in anticipation:)
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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11 Oct 2012, 11:12
IMO it should be A. i don find any mistake in it...B i think does not help because i think it shud be..... have reduced...have raised...Parallelism... which lacks in all other options... nevertheless waiting for the OE...
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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12 Oct 2012, 18:22
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First figure out which ones are parallel. recently implemented XYZ has reduced three things First list which has 3 items a) sickness b) sleeping c) fatigue.
and increased one thing a) productivity.- Second list with only one item
Three items in the first list have to be parallel, which means there should be "and" prior to fatigue because that is the last item in the first list. Now let's see the answer choices (A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised this choice is incorrect because it assumes productivity as part of the first list.
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised This choice is incorrect because it assumes raised productivity as part of the first list.
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising This choice is correct as it correctly adds "and" prior to fatigue adn that closes the first list. while raising correctly describes the second part/effect of the xyz implementation
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised This choice is incorrect because of 2 things a) lowered is redundant as we already have reduced. b) there is no "and" in front of fatigue
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising This choice is incorrect because lowered is redundant.
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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23 Oct 2012, 03:57
souvik101990 wrote:
Concept tested: Parallelism, “items in a list” Difficulty level: Hard Illustration: When we provide a list of items using commas we must maintain the following structure. A, B, C and D. This is a proper parallel structure concerning items in a list, and this structure needs to be maintained in a clause. Another thing of importance in this sentence is the contrast that is presented. This sentence says that “shift work equations” has reduced some stuffs but raised some other stuff. So using “and” to connect this two relationship affects the meaning of the sentence. In A, parallel structure is brokenusing the sudden “have”, “and item in the list” construction is not maintained. According to “item in the list” the construction could be “A has reduced X, Y and Z,but has raised P, Q and R. So we definitely need “and” before “fatigue among shift workers” This concept eliminates A and B. D uses redundant construction “reduced” + “lowered”, which could also act as a fatal double negative. E breaks voice parallelism. We can’t suddenly introduce a passive voice in a list construction where other items are in active voice. C is the correct answer which maintains “item in thelist” and introduces the contrast using “while”.
Good question. I chose C after deliberating for a good 1:25 mins. On the one hand I wasn't too happy with the participle "raising" used instead of the simple past "raised" in C but on the other hand I was sure that the items in list rule absolutely must be complied with and should take priority over everything else.
Please post more advanced level questions. Great work and thanks.
Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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30 Oct 2012, 06:06
C and E begin with and; A, B and D do not. Determine the correct position for and. Here, "shift-work equations" have reduced THREE THINGS: sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers. AND must be placed before FATIGUE, the last item in the list. Eliminate A, B and D.
In E, have reduced and was lowered are redundant. Eliminate E.
The correct answer is C.
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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23 Nov 2012, 18:45
Hi,
I get the idea, but, i didn t take the C because i had a doubt on the comma NOT underlined. Is the comma originally underlined or not? Thanks for the reply and clear my doubts because if the comma is really not underlined, choice c is weird to me...
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Re: Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the hu [#permalink]
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04 Feb 2013, 22:58
daagh wrote:
Just one step forward- The third factor of the reduced series namely 'fatigue' should be separated by a comma to indicate that the series is going to end. Only C and E are eligible contenders. Between them, E is a jumble of unparallel and ungrammatical active and passive voice mix. C survives
Hi Daagh,
If the option B and C were like this: B - and fatigue among shift workers, and raised C - and fatigue among shift workers while raising then which one would be correct ? B - here AND would imply two independent events and second one would not be a consequence of first one C- while would imply at 'the same time'. So based on the meaning of the sentence which one would be correct?
Also as it is, since their is no comma before while we don't know where first list ends. How to decide this?
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