With advances in battery technology, electric cars allow automakers to

With advances in battery technology, electric cars allow automakers to tout that these vehicles produce none of the harmful emissions that contribute to air pollution. While this is true in a narrow context – the vehicles themselves do not release the emissions – the energy that fuels the batteries comes largely from the burning of fossil fuels, and that energy creation causes the release of the same types of emissions that non-electric cars produce. Still, advances continue to be made to allow electric-car batteries to recharge using the vehicle’s own friction and other sources of energy that do not require the burning of fossil fuels.

Which of the following is a conclusion logically supported by the argument above?

A. Automakers are being untruthful when they advertise zero-emissions electric cars.
B. Because electric-car batteries need to derive their energy largely from fossil fuels, electric cars do not provide an emissions advantage over traditional cars.
C. With the exception of their capacity for recharging, electric car batteries do not create an emissions advantage over traditional automobiles.
D. Electric car batteries still require the use of at least some fossil fuels to power the vehicles.
E. Electric cars are not yet viable sources of zero emissions but someday will be.