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Topic and Scope
- The author describes two theories of cloud electrification and their possible impact on controlling lightning formation.Mapping the Passage
Answers and Explanations OE
1)
What is the author‘s main purpose? To describe the competing theories on cloud charge and to describe how they might help to control lightning. (D) fits well2)
Go back to the referenced line numbers to read about breakdown potential. The passage says that lightning occurs after the ―breakdown potential‖ is reached. Only A catches this cause-and-effect relationship.3)
Though scientists differ on the causes of cloud electrification, you can deduce from this fact alone that they believe that cloud electrification exists. By definition, then, even the scientists who differ on the causes must both agree with (C), that there‘s a charge difference between cloud and ground.4)
Review ¶3 to review the convection theory. The main tenet of the convection model is that water droplets capture ionized gas molecules which are transported in updrafts and downdrafts. With an eye to the paragraph, look for a choice that conflicts with or is not part of the theory. (D) is part of the precipitation theory described in ¶2 and doesn‘t factor into the convection theory.
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