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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
Incorrect. This option is ambiguous. It is less specific than option C. It doesn't specify what is being dumped, which could lead to confusion.

(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
Incorrect. The phrase "increasing pollution in the water" suggests that the pollution is continuously increasing, which is not necessarily implied in the original sentence.

(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
This option is grammatically correct and concise

(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
Incorrect. The word "increase" should be "increases" to match the singular noun "pollution".

(E) water pollution that increased from dumping
Incorrect. This option changes the meaning of the original sentence. The original sentence suggests a likelihood, not a certainty, that the pollution would increase. This option suggests that the pollution has already increased, which is not the same.
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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping
_______________________________________________
Meaning is important to solve the question. Lets use POE to arrive at a single answer.
A - Sentence implies that water pollution resulted from dumping .... - Lets keep it.
B - Increasing water pollution - it means that an action is still in progress. Moreover, pollution in the water seems redundant. B is out.
C - resulting from the dumping of - seems redundant. Compared to A it contains a similar error.
D - Pollution in the water seems redundant compared to other choices. Moreover, that refers to water not pollution . D is out.
E - subject of the sentence is ''water pollution ... would hasten '' logical meaning.

Between A and E , E gives more precise meaning than A does.
E is our winner.
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E is correct since it is the most concise
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A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping

Incorrect use of as a result of
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
Incorrect use of increasing
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of

Correct use of dumping of and increased
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
Incorrect use of that and increase
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping

Incorrect use of that

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Answer A

No change required, the sentence is concise, logical and grammatically correct.

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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumpingIncorrect
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping ofIncorrect
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping ofIncorrect
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumpingIncorrect
(E) water pollution that increased from dumpingCorrect
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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping modifier error
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of tense error
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of modifier error
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping correct option
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping meaning issue


OPTION D is correct

Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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It is the increase in water pollution that is hasten the global warming and not the pollution itself. hence D and E are out.
'resulting from the dumping of' is wordy and awkward. 'Increasing pollution' changes the meaning. B and C are out. A is right answer.
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A. Correct. Subject "increased water pollution" is correct, "as a result of" is the correct idiom, clear meaning
B. Incorrect. "result from" is unidiomatic
C. Incorrect. Same error as B
D. Incorrect. Change of the intended meaning. Also, "increase" is in plural form which cannot go with singular subject "pollution"
E. Incorrect. Change of the intended meaning
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The original sentence is grammatically correct, but it is a bit wordy. The phrase "increased water pollution as a result of dumping" is a bit repetitive, since the word "increased" already implies that the pollution was caused by dumping. The phrase "increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of" is also a bit wordy.

The answer choice (C) removes the redundant phrases and makes the sentence more concise and clear. The phrase "increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of" is the most concise and clear way to express the idea that the pollution was caused by dumping.

The other answer choices are not as good as (C).

(A) repeats the original sentence, which is wordy.
(B) uses the gerund "increasing," which is not as concise as the infinitive "to increase."
(D) uses the phrase "pollution in the water that increase from dumping," which is not as concise as the phrase "increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of."
(E) uses the phrase "water pollution that increased from dumping," which is not as concise as the phrase "increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of."

The correct answer is C
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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping (Correct. Water pollution is increased as a result of dumping iron, and water pollution would hasten global warming by .... )
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of (resulting from the dumping of is incorrect.)
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of (same as B)
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping (Pollution in the water looks passive and lengthy.)
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping (A is better choice.)
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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
as a result is idiomatic expression . Overall meaning is good. Looks good

(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
increasing pollution means increasing is still on or someone is increasing pollution. increasing pollution in water rather than water pollution

(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
resulting from the dumping as if we are particular of dumping. or this dumping is some specific or particular one. Hence this option is out

(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
pollution that increases not increase and hence it is out

(E) water pollution that increased from dumping
here it means water pollution would hasten global warming..that increased from dumping is an essential modifier ..so a slight change in meaning which means to say that increased water pollution would hasten

A is the answer
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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping _ Incorrect- Wrong usage of "as"
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of - Incorrect - Wrong Modifier Error
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of- Incorrect - Error in meaning
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping - Incorrect - Wrong meaning "Pollution would hasten" is incorrect rather "water pollution would hasten is correct"
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping - Correct

Option E is correct
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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping: Incorrect use of AS A RESULT OF DUMPING, creates illogical meaning error.
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of: Less concise than C.
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of: Correct, concise and free of grammatical errors.
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping: Changes focus from increase to pollution, meaning error.
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping: Changes focus from increase to pollution, meaning error.

IMO C.

Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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The Answer is C
Option (A) "increased water pollution as a result of dumping" is incorrect because it lacks a clear connection between dumping and water pollution
Option (B) is awkward and wordy, making it less effective than other options.
Option (c) is correct. It presents a clear and concise connection between dumping and water pollution.
Option( D) Uses incorrect verb tense and does not effectively convey the intended meaning.
Option (E) water pollution that increased from dumping has incorrect verb tense and also changes the meaning of the original sentence. It suggests that water pollution increased after dumping, rather than being a result of dumping.

Overall, option (C) provides the most clear and grammatically correct construction for the sentence.
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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping

Its illogical to say that the pollution was a result of something. The pollution had resulted from some action. Hence, we can eliminate this sentence.

(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of

No verb in the sentence.

(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of

Correct as presented.

(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping

Illogical construct. water doesn't increase from dumping. Eliminate.

(E) water pollution that increased from dumping

Incorrect use of tense.

IMO C
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A) correct construction. (hang on).
It is the increased WP would hasten....


B) increasing pollution in the water (Present cont is not required). Also this is needlessly wordy

C) resulting from (not a right way to express). should be as a result of. unnessary wordy

D) that refers to water (change of meaning)

E) increased from dumping (idiom issue. should be increased by dumping..)
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