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(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
The use of "increasing" changes the meaning of the sentence ever so slightly. It now implies that an active and deliberate action to increase pollution will result in the hastening global warming, instead of implying that any increase in pollution from dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica will hasten global warming.

(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
This choice is in the past tense, which is the incorrect tense to use here.

(E) water pollution that increased from dumping
As (D), this choice too is in the past tense.

This leaves (A) and (C), where the only difference is that (A) uses "as a result of" and (C) uses "from" instead. As the pollution is not caused by the dumping of the iron, rather it is the source of the pollution "from" is more appropriate.

ANSWER C
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The correct option is:

(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of

This option effectively conveys the cause-and-effect relationship between the dumping of iron off the coast of Antarctica and the resulting increased water pollution. The phrase "resulting from the dumping of" clearly indicates that the pollution is a direct consequence of the dumping activity. Additionally, the use of the adjective "increased" accurately describes the pollution as being greater than before.

A. As a result of, unclear
B.changes the meaning
C Correct
D. There is no correlation,
E.Uses passive voice

Ans .C

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The tense of the sentence is the simple past tense hence (B) is incorrect.

(A) Seems correct with no errors.
(C) Here "resulting" is in continuous tense hence incorrect.
(D) Here increase is in present tense.Hence it is incorrect.
(E) water pollution would not hasten instead "increased water pollution would hasten ....... Hence it is incorrect.

Hence the suspected correct answer is (A).
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-Meaning: The increasing water pollution would hasten... This mean that water pollution had increased and would continue to increase
=>We can eliminate A, C, E
-D) Incorrect. The verb "increase" must not take the infinitive form
The correct answer is B
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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping ~ Correct structure should be "dumping of iron"

(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of ~Past tense should be used.

(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of ~Correct.

(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping ~ Correct structure should be "dumping of iron"

(E) water pollution that increased from dumping ~ Correct structure should be "dumping of iron"

IMO C.
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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping - Incorrect - use of past tense increased indicates that water is no longer getting polluted
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of - Correct
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of - Incorrect Same issue as answer choice A
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping- Incorrect meaning issue, pollution has increased not the water.
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping - Incorrect usage of that is not correct here we don't need to further limit the scope of water pollution.
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Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping-- correct
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of---- increasing is a gerund which does not make sense here
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of--- needlessly wordy nd dumpinfg of is wrong
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping---use of increase is wronf singular subject and also this is wordy and wrong
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping--- increased is supposed to modify polution

Ans A
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Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping


 


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"dumping" should be preferred instead of "dumping of"

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
The intended meaning of the sentence is clear and it correctly uses "dumping". Let's keep it.
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
"dumping" should be preferred instead of "dumping of". Plus use of "increasing" instead of "increased" is wrong. The meaning is distorted. Eliminate this.
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
"dumping" should be preferred instead of "dumping of". Eliminate this option.
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
Correctly uses "dumping". But the meaning of the sentence is awkward. Eliminate this option.
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping.
Should have been "increased water pollution" and "as result of" should be used. Eliminate this option.

The answer is option A
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Bunuel
Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping

Experts' Global Official Explanation:

Meaning + Verb Forms + Modifiers + Redundancy/Awkwardness

Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

A. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “as a result of dumping”; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that because of the dumping of iron, “increased water pollution” may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

B. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence because of the usage “increasing pollution”; the use of the present participle (“verb+ing” – “increasing” in this sentence) incorrectly implies that the ongoing action of increasing water pollution may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the increase in water pollution that has already occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; remember, present participle (“verb+ing” – “increasing” in this sentence) noun modifiers refer to ongoing actions. Additionally, the phrase “pollution in the water” is needlessly wordy, leading to awkwardness in Option B.

C. Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the past participle “increased” and the present participle (“verb+ing – “resulting” in this sentence) phrase “resulting from the dumping of iron” to modify “water pollution”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence- that the increase in water pollution that has already occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton. Further, Option C is free of awkwardness and redundancy.

D. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “pollution in the water that increase”; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the pollution itself may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton. Further, Option D incorrectly uses the plural verb “increase” to refer to the singular noun “pollution”. Additionally, the phrase “pollution in the water” is needlessly wordy, leading to awkwardness in Option D.

E. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “water pollution that increased”; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the pollution itself may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

C is the best answer choice.

Very broad level explanation. Why A is wrong is still not clear with is OE.

GMATNinja
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samagra21
Bunuel
Bunuel
Contrary to earlier assurances, it is likely that increased water pollution as a result of dumping iron off the coast of Antarctica would hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton that absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide.

(A) increased water pollution as a result of dumping
(B) increasing pollution in the water resulting from the dumping of
(C) increased water pollution resulting from the dumping of
(D) pollution in the water that increase from dumping
(E) water pollution that increased from dumping

Experts' Global Official Explanation:

Meaning + Verb Forms + Modifiers + Redundancy/Awkwardness

Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

A. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “as a result of dumping”; the construction of this phrase illogically implies that because of the dumping of iron, “increased water pollution” may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

B. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence because of the usage “increasing pollution”; the use of the present participle (“verb+ing” – “increasing” in this sentence) incorrectly implies that the ongoing action of increasing water pollution may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the increase in water pollution that has already occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; remember, present participle (“verb+ing” – “increasing” in this sentence) noun modifiers refer to ongoing actions. Additionally, the phrase “pollution in the water” is needlessly wordy, leading to awkwardness in Option B.

C. Correct. This answer choice correctly uses the past participle “increased” and the present participle (“verb+ing – “resulting” in this sentence) phrase “resulting from the dumping of iron” to modify “water pollution”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence- that the increase in water pollution that has already occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton. Further, Option C is free of awkwardness and redundancy.

D. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “pollution in the water that increase”; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the pollution itself may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton. Further, Option D incorrectly uses the plural verb “increase” to refer to the singular noun “pollution”. Additionally, the phrase “pollution in the water” is needlessly wordy, leading to awkwardness in Option D.

E. Trap. This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase “water pollution that increased”; the construction of this phrase incorrectly implies that the pollution itself may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “increase in water pollution” that occurred due to the dumping of iron may hasten global warming by poisoning phytoplankton.

C is the best answer choice.

Very broad level explanation. Why A is wrong is still not clear with is OE.

GMATNinja

"as a result of" and "resulting from" both convey the same meaning. So even I am unable to understand why one is preferred over the other. A quick search on google says that "as a result of" is followed by a clause/phrase whereas "resulting from" is followed by a noun phrase. But this also is not confirmed as it is uploaded by a user. Kindly help experts. GMATNinja KarishmaB IanStewart
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KarishmaB can you please delve into all reasons why A is not a good chocie and why the correct answer is right. Based on criterias like preposition is followed by noun etc both choice A and correct ans are fitting in. as a result of and resuting are not creating a difference nor is dumping vs dumping of so please clarify
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