Bunuel
Many of them dug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago, the hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona, are dotted with hundreds of copper mines.(A) Many of them dug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago, the hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona, are dotted with hundreds of copper mines.
(B) Dug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago, the hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona, are dotted with many hundreds of copper mines.
(C) Hundreds of copper mines, most of them dug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago, are dotting the hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona.
(D) The hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona, are dotted with hundreds of copper mines, most of them dug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago.
(E) The hills to the east of Death Valley, Arizona, are dotted with hundreds of copper mines, most of which aredug during the Greenwood copper boom a century ago.
Experts' Global Official Explanation:Modifiers + Tenses + MeaningUnderstanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended meaning of the crucial part of this sentence is thatthe “copper mines” were dug a century ago and now hundreds of them dot the hills.
• In the “phrase + comma + noun” and “noun + comma + phrase” constructions, the phrase must correctly modify the noun; this is one of the most frequently tested concepts on GMAT sentence correction.
• The simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
• The simple present continuous tense is used to refer to actions that are currently ongoing and continuous in nature.
• The simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past.
A. This answer choice incorrectly uses "dug during the …" to modify "the hills....", incorrectly implying that “the hills” were dug a century ago; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “copper mines” were dug a century ago and now hundreds of them dot the hills.
B. This answer choice incorrectly uses " dug during the …" to modify "the hills....", incorrectly implying that “the hills” were dug a century ago; the intended meaning of the sentence is that the “copper mines” were dug a century ago and now hundreds of them dot the hills.
C. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present continuous tense verb “are dotting” to refer to information that is permanent in nature; please remember, information that is permanent in nature is best conveyed through the simple present tense, and the simple present continuous tense is only used to refer to actions that are currently ongoing and continuous in nature.
D. Correct. This answer choice correctly uses “dug during the…” to modify “copper mines”, conveying the intended meaning of the sentence – that the “copper mines” were dug a century ago and now hundreds of them dot the hills. Further, Option D correctly uses the simple present tense verb “are dotted” to refer to information that is permanent in nature.
E. Trap. This answer choice incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb “are dug” to refer to an action that concluded in the past; please remember, the simple past tense is used to refer to events that concluded in the past, and the simple present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual actions, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
D is the best answer choice.