CristianJuarez wrote:
Hi
mikemcgarryCould you please explain me the modifier in choice D? conditions and,
using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, decide
Why can we say with certainty that it modifies executives? In this case, the ING modifier is not showing a result of a previous clause and is not touching executives (as when we say something like: "using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, executives blah blah blah").
Regards,
Cristián
Dear
CristianJuarez,
I'm happy to respond.
I see that Shraddha already responded. I will add a few more thoughts.
First of all, it's good to learn the proper names. What you are calling an "ING modifier" is called a
participle. Precision in language supports precision in thought.
Participles are unique in that they can function either as a
noun modifier or as a
verb/clause modifier. Only noun-modifiers obey the
Touch Rule: with a few well-defined exceptions, noun modifiers must "touch" the noun they modifier. The Touch Rule governs noun modifiers only: it is entirely irrelevant to verb modifiers. Verb modifiers are much more free in their placement, as long as there's no ambiguity.
Noun modifier are
adjectival phrases & clauses, answering "adjective questions":
which one? what kind? Verb modifiers are
adverbial phrases and clauses, answering "adverb questions":
when? where? how? in what way? In this sentence, the participial phrase "
using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses" answers a "how?" question, so it's an adverbial phrase, a verb modifier.
Does all this make sense?
Mike