The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, sign

It is taken here.

workout Can you please explain question 3 ?

MG1105 Following is my analysis. Let me know what you think.

3. The author of the passage compares the smuggling of CFC’s to the illicit drug trade most likely for which of the following reasons?

(A) To qualify a previous claim

INCORRECT "Qualify a claim" means put more conditions/constraints on a claim. The mention of drug trade doesn't put any such conditions on the claim.

(B) To emphasize the extent of a problem

Correct Generally, we rank things to know the importance of each. The author ranks CFC-12 contraband problem to convey the extent of the CFC-12 problem. The words "only after" tells us the importance of the extent of the problem.

(C) To provide an explanation for an earlier assertion

INCORRECT No explanation was provided by mentioning drug trade

(D) To suggest that the illicit CFC trade, likely the illicit drug trade, will continue to increase

INCORRECT "will continue to increase" is problematic. There are no projections specified for either CFC-12 or drug trade.

(E) To suggest that the consequences of a relatively little-known problem are as serious as those of a well-known one

INCORRECT The presence of words "relatively little known" is problematic. There is no comparison presented and the consequences are not mentioned.

1. The passage suggests which of the following about the illicit trade in CFCs?

Moreover, some in the industry apparently do not want to pay for CFC substitutes, which can run five times the cost of CFCs. Consequently, a black market in imported illicit CFCs has grown.

(D) It is fostered by people who do not want to pay the price of CFC substitutes.

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2. According to the passage, which of the following best describes most ozone-depleting chemicals in 1996 as compared to those in 1987?

it has decreased the rate of increase in amounts of most ozone-depleting chemicals reaching the atmosphere and has even reduced the atmospheric levels of some of them.

(D) The rate of increase in amounts of such chemicals reaching the atmosphere had decreased.

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3. The author of the passage compares the smuggling of CFC’s to the illicit drug trade most likely for which of the following reasons?

(B) To emphasize the extent of a problem - seems the best of the lot.

Q1 D is the correct answer. This question asks you to identify a claim that is made in the passage about ozone-depleting chemicals. The best answer is D. The passage, written in 1996, states that the rate of increase in amounts of most ozone-depleting chemicals reaching the atmosphere had been reduced since 1987. Choice A can be eliminated because the passage states that the atmospheric levels of some ozone-depleting chemicals has been reduced, not that the levels of most had been reduced. Choice B is incorrect because the actual number of different chemicals reaching the atmosphere is not provided in the passage, nor is it claimed that the number had declined. Choice C is not correct because the passage does not claim that there was an increase in the amounts of ozone-depleting chemicals released between 1987 and 1996. Choice E is incorrect because there is no indication in the passage that the rate of reduction of atmospheric chemicals had slowed between 1987 and 1996.

Q2 The correct answer is D. This question asks what the passage implies about the illicit trade in CFC's. The best answer is D. The passage states that some industry members appear not to want to pay the price of CFC substitutes, and that consequently a black market in cheaper CFC's has emerged. This implies that the black market is fostered at least in part by those industry members who are unwilling to pay the higher price of CFC substitutes. Choice A can be eliminated because the passage states that only that most contraband CFC's originate in India and China. This does not imply that the illicit trade in CFC's could not continue without manufacturers in those countries. Choice B is not correct because the passage does not provide information about the beliefs of participants in the illicit CFC trade. Choice C is incorrect because the passage states only that the United States Customs Service considers the illicit CFC trade to be a problem second only to the illicit drug trade; there is no suggestion in the passage that the illicit CFC trade is expected to develop into a larger problem than the illicit drug trade. Choice E is incorrect because the passage attributes the growth of the illicit trade in CFC's to the high cost of CFC substitutes, not to an expansion of refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning industries in foreign countries.

Q3 The author mentions the huge volumes of CFCs to emphasize the volume of the illicit CFC trade. Hence B is the correct answer.

Summary/Conclusion/Main Point: The Author/passage described that regulations of MP are violated & he gave an example to support the same.

1. The passage suggests which of the following about the illicit trade in CFCs(Must be True Q)?

(A) It would cease if manufacturers in India and China stopped producing CFCs. --> not supported by the passage. Manufacturers in India & China don't produce 100% of all the CFCs, so if manufacturers in India and China stopped producing CFCs, it wouldn't cease 100%. > "most of the CFCs originating in India and China"
(B) Most people who participate in such trade do not believe that CFCs deplete the ozone layer. --> "48% of respondents in a survey said that they did not believe that CFCs damage the ozone layer" > passage didn't mention whether these survey people and those who participate in the illicit trade are same or not. also 48% < 50% not most
(C) It will probably surpass illicit drugs as the largest contraband problem faced by the United States Customs Service. --> passage mentioned "CFC is 2nd", but it never says that it will be 1st in future
(D) It is fostered by people who do not want to pay the price of CFC substitutes. --> correct: "some in the industry apparently do not want to pay for CFC substitutes, which can run five times the cost of CFCs" --> those people actually fostered the illicit trade in CFCs.
(E) It has grown primarily because of the expansion of the refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning industries in foreign countries. --> "CFCs are commonly used in the refrigeration, heating, and air-conditioning industries.", but the passage never says that illicit trade in CFCs has grown primarily because of their market

2. According to the passage, which of the following best describes most ozone-depleting chemicals in 1996 as compared to those in 1987 (Inference/Must be True Q)?
from passage: it has decreased the rate of increase in amounts of most ozone-depleting chemicals reaching the atmosphere and has even reduced the atmospheric levels of some of them. --> for most decreased the rate of increase & for some reduced the amount/atmospheric levels
(A) The levels of such chemicals in the atmosphere had decreased. --> for some, not most, reduced the amount/atmospheric levels
(B) The number of such chemicals that reached the atmosphere had declined. --> the passage never discussed about the number of such chemicals
(C) The amounts of such chemicals released had increased but the amounts that reached the atmosphere had decreased. --> the passage didn't contrast "release and reached"
(D) The rate of increase in amounts of such chemicals reaching the atmosphere had decreased. --> correct as discussed in the prethinking
(E) The rate at which such chemicals were being reduced in the atmosphere had slowed. --> confusing but read slowly & carefully. it is saying "rate of reduction is slowed", but the passage says "rate of increase is slowed"

3. The author of the passage compares the smuggling of CFC’s to the illicit drug trade most likely for which of the following reasons(Inference Q/kind of Method of reasoning Q)?

(A) To qualify a previous claim --> the author didn't qualify/limit anything, he just trying to inform about the severity of the problem.
(B) To emphasize the extent of a problem --> correct: The author says "CFC is 2nd" to show the severity of the problem
(C) To provide an explanation for an earlier assertion --> he didn't explain anything by this
(D) To suggest that the illicit CFC trade, like the illicit drug trade, will continue to increase --> he never mention what will happen in future
(E) To suggest that the consequences of a relatively little-known problem are as serious as those of a well-known one --> too generic: we don't know CFC problem is little known or not

I am sorry...where does it say the passage was written in 1996? To me, question 2 is completely unclear. We're told that the Protocol completed its 'short-term goals'. What is the meaning of "short-term"? 1 year? 2 years? 1996 is a full 11 years after that protocol was signed. The rest of the paragraph leads us to believe that while the short-term goals were met, there is reason to doubt that the long-term goals heading towards 2050 were likely to be met given violations in regulations. 1996 is certainly one of those intervening years...in which case none of the answer choices points to the fact that things like CFCs would increase in the atmosphere.

Please chime in by quoting me.

There are no definite years for long term or short term. It can not be said 100% that 1996 is a year for short term .
But given the situation, 8 years out of 60 years can well be relatively considered as short term. If 2050 is long term then 1996 could be considered a short term especially when you have no other clue given.

Done in 6 mins and all the three answers are correct whoaa

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