Teachers are effective only when they help their students become indep

Yes, your reasoning sounds good! Here we have a chain of necessary conditions.

1) In order for students to make their own decisions, teachers MUST have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.
2) In order for students to be independent learners, students MUST be able to make their own decisions.
3) In order for teachers to be effective, they MUST help their students become independent learners.

So in order for a teacher to be effective, all three conditions above must be met. However, notice that all three are necessary conditions, not sufficient conditions. For example, just because teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms does NOT necessarily mean that their students will make their own decisions. So while meeting all three conditions is NECESSARY for a teacher to be effective, it is not SUFFICIENT.

The question asks about "teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions." Those teachers MUST have met the first condition listed above (power to make decisions in their own classrooms). Thus, (E) cannot be true and is our answer.

However, even though the 2nd condition is met, we cannot be sure whether the students have become independent learners or whether the teacher can be considered effective. Thus, all of the other options COULD be true.

I hope that helps!
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E it is. If a teacher doesn't have a power to make a decision then he or she can't enable other students to make their own decisions. And without student's decisions they can't be independent learners. Hence E is a correct answer

Teachers effective = students independent learners. ( Students can decide what to learn a particular day - Freedom to learn topics )

Students can be Independent learners only when teachers have Power to make decisions ( Students can't rule the show , they Can't decide whether to learn/Not ) - If teachers don't have the power to take decisions then the entire thing will go haywire. ( students can be so independent that they can decide an off for 6 months - If teacher doesn't have the power to stop it )

Though Students’ capability to make their own decisions is essential , effectiveness of teacher lies in their power to make their own decisions ( Teacher can not be effective if they are unable to make their own decisions since only the students have the liberty to do so)

According to the argument, each of the following could be true of teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions EXCEPT:


(A) Their students have not become independent learners.

Not true , students can be independent learners ( provided they don't jeopardize the concept of learning ) even when teacher have the power of making decisions ( To control situations)

(B) They are not effective teachers.

Effectiveness depends on -

1. Ability to provide students independence to learn
2. Ability to make own decisions

(C) They are effective teachers.

Same as (B)

(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.

If teachers have the sole power to make decisions in their own class - They can't provide students with independent learning objectives.

(E) They do not have the power to make decisions.

True , if teachers doesn't have the power to take decisions , then students can be independent whether to learn / not.


Really a tough one , still tried my best to reach correct answer (E)..
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Good inference question

The correct inference answer should be in the scope of the argument.The argument talks about the teachers making decisions in their own classroom.
Only E is the option that is out of scope.It says teachers do not have power to make decision,which is never mentioned in the argument.

The only link which is given in the stem:

"Yet not until teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms can they enable their students to make their own decisions."


This is absolutely necessary to achieve the result. Since the result has been achieved E is false.


Other conditions are not stated as necessary but essential.

E it is. If the teacher does not have the power to make his own decisions then he will not be able to teach the students to make their own decisions on their learning.

hello expert, my question is such question really looks like a gmat question?

To other members of gmatclub, although this question is confusing, but the solution is not hard. One should realize that the question stem matches the second sentence of the passage -> D must be true while B and C can be true.

Since the question ask about what cannot be true (this is an inference question), we now only have A and E left.
it seems E is out of scope. The third sentence supports A -> E is the answer.

Thanks aaba for the explanation!

This question tests your understanding of necessary and sufficient conditions. You won't see many GMAT questions quite like this, but it is definitely worth studying.
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IMO 'MUST' is the keyword in the conclusion here! If they don't have the power to make decisions then they can't enable their students to be independent! I took 2:40 for E :---Sloppy thinking I guess
Experts is my reasoning correct?
GMATNinjaTwo

It's a very good question and hard official one, Still very less discussion around it.

Premise:
1. to become independent learner, a student has to know, how to make decisions.
2. For this teacher has to teach this to students. and they have to know how to teach this to students.

Conclusion:
if teachers are to be effective, they must have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.

Pre-thinking: if teachers are to be effective, they must have a lot many traits. the power to make decisions in their own classrooms, is one of them. on these lines lets start POE.
According to the argument, each of the following could be true of teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions EXCEPT:

(A) Their students have not become independent learners. --- Students’ capability to make their own decisions is essential to their becoming independent learners. but if you know how to take decisions, still you can not become independent learners. its essential but not sufficient. which means still teacher know how to take decisions, its students flaw.
(B) They are not effective teachers. ---- this does not mean they don't know how to take decision. may be yes may be know. read pre-thinking again.
(C) They are effective teachers. --- which means they are good desion taker.
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. --- that is what we need.
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. --- you don't know this how you will teach someone. this can't be the answer.

(A) Their students have not become independent learners. Depends - can or cannot
(B) They are not effective teachers. - Out of scope
(C) They are effective teachers. - Out of scope
(D) They have the pheir own classrooms. - [color=#00ff00]Necessary condident decision maker[/color]
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. - Opposite of Necessary condition

PPhoenix77
Adi93

Teachers are effective only when they help their students become independent learners. Yet not until teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms can they enable their students to make their own decisions. Students’ capability to make their own decisions is essential to their becoming independent learners. Therefore, if teachers are to be effective, they must have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.

According to the argument, each of the following could be true of teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions EXCEPT:

students become independent learners --- > Teachers are effective
teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms------> enable their students to make their own decisions

Students’ capability to make their own decisions ---> to their becoming independent learners

it means :
teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms(1)---MUST---> enable their students to make their own decisions(2)---essential= NOT NECESSARY-----> to their becoming independent learners(3)---MUST->Teachers are effective(4)
1---MUST--->2-----> essential---->3 ----MUST --->4


If 2 has happened, what else can or can not happen
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. -->3 may or may not happen
(B) They are not effective teachers. -->4 may or may not happen
(C) They are effective teachers. -->4 may or may not happen
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.---> 1 must have happened
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. ---> without this step(1) , 2 can not happen

hence E is the only option (1) that MUST be true for 2 to happen

in the conclusion:

''Therefore, if teachers are to be effective, they must have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.''


can we say that author assumes -power to make decisions-as the only condition for teachers to become effective.

Also, just to strengthen my understanding- the difference b/w essential and sufficient condition is that the sufficient one is the only condition which must be true for xyz to happen?

Nope.

The most straightforward way for you to figure this kind of thing out is to make your own examples with the same form and examine how they work.
E.g., If you want to pass this class, you have to do all the homework. —> This sentence says that doing all the homework is one requirement for a passing grade, but definitely doesn't imply that the homework is the ONLY required task. (You have to take tests/quizzes too; you may also have to attend all the lectures; etc.)




If X is a "sufficient condition" for Y, then... if we know X is true, we automatically also know that Y is true.
(I think that's what you mean here, although your wording isn't quite right—sufficient conditions don't HAVE to be true, so it's not correct to use the word "must" in your definition of sufficient. If that's NOT what you mean here, let me know please.)

RonTargetTestPrep, other experts: similarly, how do we make sense of "not until x, y" (for instance "Yet not until teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms can they enable their students to make their own decisions. ")?

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sorry - I didnt quite get the solutions provided already. can an expert pls give a detailed complete solution? Thank you

STOP THIS TAGGING INSANITY

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i have doubt on b and e please explain