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30 Nov 2022, 09:13
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Teachers are effective only when they help their students become independent learners. Yet not until teachers have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms can they enable their students to make their own decisions. Students’ capability to make their own decisions is essential to their becoming independent learners. Therefore, if teachers are to be effective, they must have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms.
According to the argument, each of the following could be true of teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions EXCEPT:
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. - WRONG. May be true but it's not about teachers.
(B) They are not effective teachers. - WRONG. Conditionality gives this one little scope to be true.
(C) They are effective teachers. - WRONG. Just like B this is wrong as its just the opposite of B.
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. - WRONG. Like B and C, this is can't be true necessarily.
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. - CORRECT.
It is the dreaded EXCEPT question but with a simple solution to find.
The problem is with the manner language is written - convoluted style.
Note that the passage has a conclusion that is conditional in nature so nothing can be a straight forward reality.
Another important aspect is about question stem. It asks about teachers only and nothing else. Hence anything not related to them is most likely irrelevant or a diversion. B, C and D are 50-50 cases.
Since conclusion is about teachers with a condition, the NOT condition MUST be true.
Answer E.
According to the argument, each of the following could be true of teachers who have enabled their students to make their own decisions EXCEPT:
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. - WRONG. May be true but it's not about teachers.
(B) They are not effective teachers. - WRONG. Conditionality gives this one little scope to be true.
(C) They are effective teachers. - WRONG. Just like B this is wrong as its just the opposite of B.
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. - WRONG. Like B and C, this is can't be true necessarily.
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. - CORRECT.
It is the dreaded EXCEPT question but with a simple solution to find.
The problem is with the manner language is written - convoluted style.
Note that the passage has a conclusion that is conditional in nature so nothing can be a straight forward reality.
Another important aspect is about question stem. It asks about teachers only and nothing else. Hence anything not related to them is most likely irrelevant or a diversion. B, C and D are 50-50 cases.
Since conclusion is about teachers with a condition, the NOT condition MUST be true.
Answer E.
13 Oct 2023, 11:26
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Understanding the question stem - we are talking about the teachers who enabled their students. Teachers need power to enable their students to make their own decisions. So, it means they have the power. We need to find an option that could not be true. The option E fits the logic.
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. - To make their own decision, students need enablement from teachers. Just that they got the enablement (necessary condition but not the only condition -maybe they need to practice to be independent learners) doesn't mean they become independent. This could be true. Again, we need to find what COULD be, not what must be true.
(B) They are not effective teachers. - Same. A necessary condition is not a sufficient (enough) condition. This option could be true.
(C) They are effective teachers. This option could be true.
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. - definitely true.
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. It can't be true. Our answer.
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. - To make their own decision, students need enablement from teachers. Just that they got the enablement (necessary condition but not the only condition -maybe they need to practice to be independent learners) doesn't mean they become independent. This could be true. Again, we need to find what COULD be, not what must be true.
(B) They are not effective teachers. - Same. A necessary condition is not a sufficient (enough) condition. This option could be true.
(C) They are effective teachers. This option could be true.
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. - definitely true.
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. It can't be true. Our answer.
05 Apr 2025, 04:09
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Break it down in arrows and see the magic of simplicity.
Remember:
Only if A then B means A is required for B
This can be written as B implies A or B -> A
which means if B then A has definitely occurred but if A, then B may or may not occur
Let's get back to the question =>
Independent Learners (IL) are required for Teacher Effectiveness (TE) --- TE -> IL
Teachers' Power (TP) is required for Student Decisions (SD) --- SD -> TP
Student Decisions (SD) are required for Independent Learners (IL) --- IL -> SD
We are given these 3 conditions and then the conclusion is Teachers' Power (TP) is required for Teacher Effectiveness (TE) --- TE -> TP
Now if you pause here and think, then you will realize that by combining the premises we can easily arrive to our conclusion ie.
TE -> IL -> SD -> TP
Question: Given SD, each could be true EXCEPT?
So everything left to SD is a sufficient condition whereas everything right to SD is a necessary condition which means for SD to occur TP should have happened but we can't comment anything about IL or TE.
It's like saying - If it rains today then we will go to park (Rain -> Park). Now if I say that we went to park today, then did it rain today? May be or may be not. Let's say we just wanted to enjoy cool breeze during the evening and we went for a stroll. But now if I say it rained today, then we can definitely say that we went to the park today. ie. going to park is required if it rains but if we go to park then that doesn't mean it rained today.
So similarly given SD, we can confidently say that TP occurred but we can't say anything about TE or IL.
Now check the options, you now shouldn't need more than a sec to select the write choice.
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. (~IL)
(B) They are not effective teachers. (~TE)
(C) They are effective teachers. (TE)
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. (~TP) => Correct
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. (TP)
Remember:
Only if A then B means A is required for B
This can be written as B implies A or B -> A
which means if B then A has definitely occurred but if A, then B may or may not occur
Let's get back to the question =>
Independent Learners (IL) are required for Teacher Effectiveness (TE) --- TE -> IL
Teachers' Power (TP) is required for Student Decisions (SD) --- SD -> TP
Student Decisions (SD) are required for Independent Learners (IL) --- IL -> SD
We are given these 3 conditions and then the conclusion is Teachers' Power (TP) is required for Teacher Effectiveness (TE) --- TE -> TP
Now if you pause here and think, then you will realize that by combining the premises we can easily arrive to our conclusion ie.
TE -> IL -> SD -> TP
Question: Given SD, each could be true EXCEPT?
So everything left to SD is a sufficient condition whereas everything right to SD is a necessary condition which means for SD to occur TP should have happened but we can't comment anything about IL or TE.
It's like saying - If it rains today then we will go to park (Rain -> Park). Now if I say that we went to park today, then did it rain today? May be or may be not. Let's say we just wanted to enjoy cool breeze during the evening and we went for a stroll. But now if I say it rained today, then we can definitely say that we went to the park today. ie. going to park is required if it rains but if we go to park then that doesn't mean it rained today.
So similarly given SD, we can confidently say that TP occurred but we can't say anything about TE or IL.
Now check the options, you now shouldn't need more than a sec to select the write choice.
(A) Their students have not become independent learners. (~IL)
(B) They are not effective teachers. (~TE)
(C) They are effective teachers. (TE)
(D) They have the power to make decisions in their own classrooms. (~TP) => Correct
(E) They do not have the power to make decisions. (TP)
