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A 100 meter wide river can be crossed straightly, in 4 minutes when there is no stream and 5 minutes when there is stream. What is the speed of the stream ?

a) 10 meter/minute
b) 15 meter/minute
c) 20 meter/minute
d) 5 meter/minute
e) None

Posted from my mobile device

This is what the question means - if you cross the 100 m side river directly in still water, you would take 4 mins.
So your speed (without any external influence) = 100/4 = 25 meter/min

But the stream sways you away every moment as you swim and hence makes you cover extra distance and makes you travel diagonally (as shown in the diagram)
So distance covered in 5 mins = 25*5 = 125 meters

Attachment:
Screenshot 2021-12-27 at 10.57.27.png

This is a right triangle of sides ratio 3-4-5 so the third side is 75 meters (distance between point of 'still water' and point of 'with stream').

Hence the stream moved 75 meters in 5 mins. Imagine one water molecule that stuck to you when you entered the river and then acted upon you till you reached the other end. That molecule travelled 75 metres in 5 mins.

Speed of the stream = 75/5 = 15 meters/min

Answer (B)


One doubt in the solution: if someone swims straightly then he will go 125 meter in 5 minutes in the still water.

In the second case, when he is going with his own speed + stream speed, he is still going 125 meter in 5 minutes.

How is this possible ?

The speed of the stream will have no effect on the speed of the one crossing the stream, as it is acting in the perpendicular direction. The only effect stream has is in increasing the distance one has to cover to be able to cross.

Edit: I stand corrected. Thanks, Regor60!
Even if it seems that the distance is increasing, the swimmer's efforts are directed in the x axis. All the efforts in the y axis comes from the stream, which means from the swimmer's perspective, distance and speed remain same as they were in the case of lack of stream.
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Assuming the man is swimming perpendicular to the current, the only reason it would take him longer to cross the river is if he CHOSE to swim slower.

So the man isn't swimming perpendicular to the current. He's swimming 25 m/s against the current at an angle that allows him to go straight across at 20 m/s, a component of his speed offsetting the current.

This is a simple right triangle with 25 m/s as hypotenuse and 20 m/s as horizontal leg.

Speed of current is then (25^2-20^2)^1/2 = 15 m/s.



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