Official Explanation
In this question you are given that machine R, working alone at its constant rate, produces x units of a product in 30 minutes. Since it is easy to see that 3 hours is 6 times 30 minutes, you can conclude that Quantity A is 6x.
You can compare 6x with Quantity B in two ways.
One: In the additional information centered above the quantities, you are given that machine S, working alone at its constant rate, produces x units of the product in 48 minutes, so you can conclude that machine S can produce 6x units of the product in (6)(48) minutes, or 4.8 hours. So in 4 hours, machine S produces less than 6x units, and Quantity B is less than 6x.
Two: First, convert 48 minutes to 4/5 hour, then find the number of 48-minute periods there are in 4 hours by computing 4/(4/5) = 4(5/4) = 5 Thus, Quantity B is 5x.
Either way, Quantity A is greater than Quantity B, and the correct answer is Choice A.