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kanishaksharma
No explanation presented is possible without using idioms, is there any other way ?

Nothing here relies on memorized idioms.

The three middle choices (B, C, D) are ungrammatical, because they follow about—a preposition—with a complete sentence. (Like other prepositions, about can only be followed by a noun.)

Between A and E, you should notice that choice E uses an __ING modifier that takes the following subject as the subject/agent of the __ING action (Who was "referring to the current hostility"? Smokers were). Choice A, on the other hand, uses an impersonal construction, implying that the smokers were NOT personally involved in that part.
In this context, the smokers were "referring to the current hostility" (which was the basis for their anxiety, as described later in the sentence), so E makes sense and A does not.

Hi RonTargetTestPrep


In Option A, the opening prepositional phrase has "In reference to the current hostility toward smoking" which seems to be referring to the current time frame. Is the verb simple past tense "expressed" correct in this usage?

Thanks
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kanishaksharma
No explanation presented is possible without using idioms, is there any other way ?

Nothing here relies on memorized idioms.

The three middle choices (B, C, D) are ungrammatical, because they follow about—a preposition—with a complete sentence. (Like other prepositions, about can only be followed by a noun.)

Between A and E, you should notice that choice E uses an __ING modifier that takes the following subject as the subject/agent of the __ING action (Who was "referring to the current hostility"? Smokers were). Choice A, on the other hand, uses an impersonal construction, implying that the smokers were NOT personally involved in that part.
In this context, the smokers were "referring to the current hostility" (which was the basis for their anxiety, as described later in the sentence), so E makes sense and A does not.

Hi RonTargetTestPrep


In Option A, the opening prepositional phrase has "In reference to the current hostility toward smoking" which seems to be referring to the current time frame. Is the verb simple past tense "expressed" correct in this usage?

Thanks

Hello KittyDoodles,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, the use of the simple past tense "expressed" is not correct, here, as the phrase "current hostility" implies that the relevant action takes place in the current time frame.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
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GMATNinja KarishmaB

What are the issues with option A?
Only Tense?

F) In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that

^would this option F be correct?
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samagra21
GMATNinja KarishmaB

What are the issues with option A?
Only Tense?

F) In reference to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that

^would this option F be correct?

Yes, the issue is with the use of 'expressed.'
I would be fairly comfortable with the use of 'in reference to...' but would prefer 'referring' for its conciseness.
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