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16 Sep 2019, 10:59
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Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
70% (02:18) correct
30%
(02:24)
wrong
based on 649
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Researcher: Each subject in this experiment owns one car, and was asked to estimate what proportion of all automobiles registered in the nation are the same make as the subject’s car. The estimate of nearly every subject has been significantly higher than the actual national statistic for the make of that subject’s car. I hypothesize that certain makes of car are more common in some regions of the nation than in other regions; obviously, that would lead many people to overestimate how common their make of car is nationally. That is precisely the result found in this experiment, so certain makes of car must indeed be more common in some areas of the nation than in others.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses a reasoning flaw in the researcher’s argument?
(A) The argument fails to estimate the likelihood that most subjects in the experiment did not know the actual statistics about how common their make of car is nationwide.
(B) The argument treats a result that supports a hypothesis as a result that proves a hypothesis.
(C) The argument fails to take into account the possibility that the subject pool may come from a wide variety of geographical regions.
(D) The argument attempts to draw its main conclusion from a set of premises that are mutually contradictory.
(E) The argument applies a statistical generalization to a particular case to which it was not intended to apply.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses a reasoning flaw in the researcher’s argument?
(A) The argument fails to estimate the likelihood that most subjects in the experiment did not know the actual statistics about how common their make of car is nationwide.
(B) The argument treats a result that supports a hypothesis as a result that proves a hypothesis.
(C) The argument fails to take into account the possibility that the subject pool may come from a wide variety of geographical regions.
(D) The argument attempts to draw its main conclusion from a set of premises that are mutually contradictory.
(E) The argument applies a statistical generalization to a particular case to which it was not intended to apply.
21 Sep 2019, 21:41
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Explanation
In this research experiment, each subject was asked to estimate what portion of the nationwide population drove the same type of car as the subject, and everyone overestimated this percentage. The researcher hypothesizes that this tendency to overestimate is a result of the fact that car trends may be regional, with certain models more common in particular areas, leading the people in those areas to believe that their cars are equally well-represented nationally. The results of the research are consistent with this hypothesis, so the researcher concludes that certain models are indeed more common in certain areas:
Premise: If some cars are regionally over-represented, this would lead to overestimation.
Premise: This experiment shows that people tend to overestimate how well-represented their cars are nationally.
Conclusion: Cars must be more common in certain regions, leading to the referenced overestimation.
The problem is that the researcher takes one possible explanation of the research results and jumps to the conclusion that this one hypothesis must be accurate.
The question stem is, predictably, a Flaw in the Reasoning question, so the correct answer choice will point out that the researcher presumes that one possible explanation is the only possible explanation.
Answer choice (A): There is no need to estimate the likelihood that the population is well informed about such statistics—the point is that everyone overestimated how common their cars were. Since this choice does not describe a reasoning flaw, it can be safely ruled out.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer choice. The researcher points to the fact that the regional auto over-representation hypothesis is supported by the experiment’s results, but appears to believe that the hypothesis is confirmed by those results.
Answer choice (C): The argument doesn’t need to account for the subjects’ coming from various places—the flaw regards the author’s hypothesis, and presumption that this theory is accurate.
Answer choice (D): Since the premises that are presented in the stimulus do not contradict one another, this cannot describe the reasoning flaw from the stimulus.
Answer choice (E): No statistical generalization is assigned in this stimulus: the researcher discusses one study and presents a hypothesis which attempts to explain people’s tendency to overestimate how common their cars are nationally.
The correct answer choice is (B)
In this research experiment, each subject was asked to estimate what portion of the nationwide population drove the same type of car as the subject, and everyone overestimated this percentage. The researcher hypothesizes that this tendency to overestimate is a result of the fact that car trends may be regional, with certain models more common in particular areas, leading the people in those areas to believe that their cars are equally well-represented nationally. The results of the research are consistent with this hypothesis, so the researcher concludes that certain models are indeed more common in certain areas:
Premise: If some cars are regionally over-represented, this would lead to overestimation.
Premise: This experiment shows that people tend to overestimate how well-represented their cars are nationally.
Conclusion: Cars must be more common in certain regions, leading to the referenced overestimation.
The problem is that the researcher takes one possible explanation of the research results and jumps to the conclusion that this one hypothesis must be accurate.
The question stem is, predictably, a Flaw in the Reasoning question, so the correct answer choice will point out that the researcher presumes that one possible explanation is the only possible explanation.
Answer choice (A): There is no need to estimate the likelihood that the population is well informed about such statistics—the point is that everyone overestimated how common their cars were. Since this choice does not describe a reasoning flaw, it can be safely ruled out.
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer choice. The researcher points to the fact that the regional auto over-representation hypothesis is supported by the experiment’s results, but appears to believe that the hypothesis is confirmed by those results.
Answer choice (C): The argument doesn’t need to account for the subjects’ coming from various places—the flaw regards the author’s hypothesis, and presumption that this theory is accurate.
Answer choice (D): Since the premises that are presented in the stimulus do not contradict one another, this cannot describe the reasoning flaw from the stimulus.
Answer choice (E): No statistical generalization is assigned in this stimulus: the researcher discusses one study and presents a hypothesis which attempts to explain people’s tendency to overestimate how common their cars are nationally.
The correct answer choice is (B)
05 Aug 2020, 07:53
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Hovkial
Researcher: Each subject in this experiment owns one car, and was asked to estimate what proportion of all automobiles registered in the nation are the same make as the subject’s car. The estimate of nearly every subject has been significantly higher than the actual national statistic for the make of that subject’s car. I hypothesize that certain makes of car are more common in some regions of the nation than in other regions; obviously, that would lead many people to overestimate how common their make of car is nationally. That is precisely the result found in this experiment, so certain makes of car must indeed be more common in some areas of the nation than in others.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses a reasoning flaw in the researcher’s argument?
(A) The argument fails to estimate the likelihood that most subjects in the experiment did not know the actual statistics about how common their make of car is nationwide.
(B) The argument treats a result that supports a hypothesis as a result that proves a hypothesis.
(C) The argument fails to take into account the possibility that the subject pool may come from a wide variety of geographical regions.
(D) The argument attempts to draw its main conclusion from a set of premises that are mutually contradictory.
(E) The argument applies a statistical generalization to a particular case to which it was not intended to apply.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses a reasoning flaw in the researcher’s argument?
(A) The argument fails to estimate the likelihood that most subjects in the experiment did not know the actual statistics about how common their make of car is nationwide.
(B) The argument treats a result that supports a hypothesis as a result that proves a hypothesis.
(C) The argument fails to take into account the possibility that the subject pool may come from a wide variety of geographical regions.
(D) The argument attempts to draw its main conclusion from a set of premises that are mutually contradictory.
(E) The argument applies a statistical generalization to a particular case to which it was not intended to apply.
CR Breakdown:
Each subject owns a car --> Estimated nationwide number of cars of the same model as their own ---> everyone estimated a higher (than actual) number
the author tries to explain the result with a hypothesize: more cars of same make ina particular region ---> hence subjects overestimated the nationwide number based on regional number
The author tries to base his main conclusion on this result .
(A) The author is not making any conclusion based on the actual numbers of results so this is useless. This could have been our answer if the author used absolute numbers to make his conclusion. But he has just used the overall result trend.
(B) Correct, the Author justified the result from his hypothesis first as an attempt to explain the result and then jumps to conclude the same hypothesis from the same result
(C) This actually supports our hypothesis, even though the subjects came from different geographical areas they still estimated higher numbers, so this proves that hypothesis must be true across all geographies
(D) There is no contradiction in the premise.
(E) The case and the statistical generalization are related to one another and there is no particular separate case here.
Hope this helps,
I tried to explain here because although I got the answer correct, I was not able to pinpoint why other choices were exactly wrong and this is my attempt to understand and dissect the question better.
