Researchers argue that the brain stem comprising the medulla oblongata

Researchers argue that the brain stem comprising the medulla oblongata, the pons and the mid brain is better at handling a large amount of information. On the other hand, the Cerebral Cortex that is responsible for rational decision making is better at applying very strict, mathematical rules on fewer variables involving well-defined parameters. Consequently, researchers agree that it is better to “sleep on” certain complex decision rather than burn midnight oil to arrive at rationale solution. They believe that in these situations, rationality comes on the way of making a rational decision and that the brain stem is better equipped to handle them than the Cerebral Cortex, arguing that it’s better to leave such decisions on unconscious thought process – thinking without paying attention. There are decisions where, the researchers believe, conscious thought outperforms unconscious thought. For example, when a decision requires application of very strict, mathematical rules, conscious thought is beneficial.

Several experiments that incorporated several combinations of plethora of specifications revealed the workings of the brain stem and the Cerebral cortex. In one such experiment, the participants were asked to choose a car from 10 leading brands of automobiles. The researchers gave them just four parameters to consider for their choice - mileage, cost, reliability, and re-sale value, asking them to take instantaneous decision. The participants came up with the second-to-none decision in this scenario, proving that the conscious mind was super-efficient in processing limited amount of data. Keeping all the other conditions fixed the researchers this time asked the participants to sleep on the choice and declare their decision later. The resulting choices that participants made were not as optimal.

In another set of similar experiments, the researchers were baffled by the appalling choices that the test group made when they conducted the same experiment with 10 leading brands, but doubled the parameters, adding such features to consider as brand appeal, durability, safety, and off-road capability. The researchers argued that Cerebral cortex could not make sense of the expanded information set that led to poor decision making. However, the decisions made by another test group that was allowed to sleep on the decision before declaring their choice were much more worthy, even though not as good as the decision produced by the conscious mind that processed fewer parameters. This led the researchers to conclude that our unconscious mind can process larger amounts of information — as long as we give it time to do so. Another suitable situation, according to researchers, to employ the goal-dependent, deliberative process in the absence of conscious attention is when we are low on energy or easily distracted at the time when we are faced with a complex decision to make. Similarly, when in high spirits, it may be better to invoke the conscious mind to arrive at a much more optimal solution.

Q1. The reason why the author has written this passage is that he wants to:

A. argue that functions of Cerebral cortex only can lead to such important and complex decisions as buying a home or selecting a school.
B. compare and contrast the functions of brain stem and Cerebral Cortex to show the benefits of one over the other in making complex decision.
C. debate that all important decisions must be taken from Cerebral Cortex as it leads to rational decisions in complex situations.
D. summarize through examples which situations are conducive for conscious minds and when to employ brain stem to make optimal decisions of complex nature.
E. Prove that sleeping on a complex decision is the best way to arrive at the optimal decision in complex situations.


Q2. According to the passage, when one is an environment where once can get easily distracted one should:

A. Put the conscious mind to rest and let the subconscious mind take over
B. If faced with a complex decision; one should sleep over the decision rather than employ conscious decision making
C. Not make any decisions that could have a major financial or economic impact
D. Ensure that one is not low on energy
E. Not expect the unconscious mind to work as efficiently as when one is in high spirits.


Q3. What does the author mean by “in high spirits” (Highlighted)?

A. In the influence of alcohol
B. Happy to be faced with a daunting situation.
C. Teeming with positive energy to face a tough decision
D. Ready with creative ideas to tackle almost every situation.
E. Fresh and energetic.


Q4. What can be deduced by “rationality comes on the way of making a rational decision” (Highlighted)?

A. Conscious efforts do not necessarily yield best results.
B. Thinking with attention always results in the best judgment.
C. Rational people always prefer sleeping on a decision to make important choices.
D. Unconscious mind cannot be dependent upon for making optimal choices.
E. There is no place for rationality when unconscious mind starts working.