Bunuel wrote:
The Maya built cities and ceremonial centers that for reasons still unknown they abandoned in the tenth century, and left the jungle to cover them.
(A) The Maya built cities and ceremonial centers that for reasons still unknown they abandoned in the tenth century, and left
(B) For reasons still unknown, in the tenth century the Maya abandoned the cities and ceremonial centers they had built, leaving
(C) Still unknown are the reasons for which the Maya abandoned in the tenth century the cities and ceremonial centers they had built, and left
(D) In the tenth century and for reasons still unknown, the Maya had abandoned the cities and ceremonial centers they built, and left
(E) The cities and ceremonial centers the Maya built were abandoned for reasons still unknown in the tenth century, leaving
Split 1:
'left' vs 'leaving': 'leaving' suggests that the covering up of the cities was a consequence of the first part- i.e. Mayans abandoning the cities. Sounds right. 'left', on the other hand, implies that Mayans 'left the jungle'--the event-- with the purpose to cover (since 'to+verb' infinitive form denotes purpose) the cities ('them' also seems ambiguous here- could refer to 'cities' or 'the Maya').
Option A, C, D are out.
Split 2:
Active vs passive voice: Option E uses the passive voice 'were abandoned' whereas option B uses the active- 'the Maya abandoned'. Option B also says -the reasons are still unknown in the tenth century- which changes the meaning of the original sentence. Additionally, 'had built'- the past perfect tense helps delineate the timeline of events and rightly so.
Option B over E.