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# What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?

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What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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21 Jun 2012, 16:59
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What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4
[Reveal] Spoiler: OA
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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21 Jun 2012, 17:58
9
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5
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Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer.
Thanks

First, you have to come into terms that the GMAT doesn't expect you to calculate for the value of 43^86.

Second, you have to know that when it comes to these kinds of questions, the only digit that matters is the units digit of the number.

Always try to enumerate the powers of the said number to LOOK FOR THE PATTERN:

3^1 = 3
3^2 = 9
3^3 = 27
3^4 = 81 (see it's still easy to multiply 3 from the previous digit, it's still "time-friendly")
3^5 = 243 (it's still time-friendly here)
3^6 = (now it becomes counter-productive to calculate 243*3; so what do we do then? let's just multiply the units digit by 3) = 3*3 = 9
3^7 = _ _ _ 7 (7 is the last digits, although I don't know if it's a four digit number of 5, doesn't matter)

Are you seeing the pattern? If you haven't, check out the corresponding units digit for each power

when raised to 1, the units digit is 3
raised to 2, the units digit is 9
raised to 3, the units digit is 7
raised to 4, the units digit is 1
raised to 5, the units digit is 3 <--- "the cycle begins again"
raised to 6, the units digit is 9

Now we know that raised to 6, the units digit is 9, the question says that 43 should be raised to 86 (which is equal to raised to 6, check our pattern). This means the units digit is 9

Now let's divide 9 by 5

What's the remainder? 4

(kudos? )
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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21 Jun 2012, 22:13
10
KUDOS
Expert's post
12
This post was
BOOKMARKED
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer.
Thanks

First check out the post on binomial on this link: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... ek-in-you/

Now the question will take you 15 secs.

$$43^{86} = (40 + 3)^{86}$$

Since 40 is completely divisible by 5, you only have to think about $$3^{86}$$
$$3^{86} = 9^{43} = (10 - 1)^{43}$$

Again, 10 is completely divisible by 5 so we only need to worry about (-1). The remainder will be $$(-1)^{43} = -1$$ which means the remainder is 5 - 1 = 4

If you are uncomfortable with negative remainders, check this post: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... emainders/
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Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for $199 Veritas Prep Reviews Math Expert Joined: 02 Sep 2009 Posts: 38908 Followers: 7739 Kudos [?]: 106246 [6] , given: 11618 Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 22 Jun 2012, 00:59 6 This post received KUDOS Expert's post 8 This post was BOOKMARKED What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 4 Notice that $$43^{86}=(40+3)^{86}$$. Now, if we expand this expression, all terms but the last one will have 40 as multiple and thus will be divisible by 5. The last term will be $$3^{86}$$. So we should find the remainder when $$3^{86}$$ is divided by 5. Next, $$3^{86}=9^{43}$$. 9 in odd power has units digit of 9 hence yields the remainder of 4 upon division by 5 (9 in even power has units digit of 1 hence yields the remainder of 1 upon division by 5). Answer: E. Similar questions to practice: when-51-25-is-divided-by-13-the-remainder-obtained-is-130220.html what-is-the-remainder-of-126493.html what-is-the-remainder-when-32-32-32-is-divided-by-100316.html what-is-the-remainder-when-18-22-10-is-divided-by-99724.html Hope it helps. _________________ Intern Joined: 08 May 2012 Posts: 7 Followers: 0 Kudos [?]: 0 [0], given: 14 Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 22 Jun 2012, 13:22 i did it the following way (just making sure that its not by luck that i got the right answer) 43^86 /5 ==> since we are looking for a remainder that is 40+3 ... 3^86 [3 repeats in the following manner 3^1=3, 3^2=9, 3^3=7, 3^4=1 [only unit digits] 86/4 ==> Remainder is 2 .. which means that unit digit is going to be 9 (9/5 ==> gives a remainder of 4 as E) Intern Joined: 06 Jun 2012 Posts: 29 Followers: 1 Kudos [?]: 33 [0], given: 62 Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 22 Jun 2012, 16:56 Thanks for all your replies guys. It was definitely helpful. Veritasprepkaris, those links were very useful, thanks. Bunuel, those similar practice questions was a great idea, thanks. Current Student Joined: 08 Jan 2009 Posts: 326 GMAT 1: 770 Q50 V46 Followers: 25 Kudos [?]: 146 [0], given: 7 Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 22 Jun 2012, 21:22 gmatsaga wrote: Alterego wrote: What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer. Thanks First, you have to come into terms that the GMAT doesn't expect you to calculate for the value of 43^86. Second, you have to know that when it comes to these kinds of questions, the only digit that matters is the units digit of the number. This is not true. You got lucky in this case because 40/5, so taking the last digit worked. For example: What is the remainder of 19^3 / 3? What is the remainder of 29^3 / 3? By your logic, the remainder will be the same because they both end in 9, but this is not the case. Math Expert Joined: 02 Sep 2009 Posts: 38908 Followers: 7739 Kudos [?]: 106246 [0], given: 11618 Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 23 Jun 2012, 03:41 idreesma wrote: i did it the following way (just making sure that its not by luck that i got the right answer) 43^86 /5 ==> since we are looking for a remainder that is 40+3 ... 3^86 [3 repeats in the following manner 3^1=3, 3^2=9, 3^3=7, 3^4=1 [only unit digits] 86/4 ==> Remainder is 2 .. which means that unit digit is going to be 9 (9/5 ==> gives a remainder of 4 as E) Yes, your approach is correct, though you could have done the second step quicker by considering 9^43 instead of 3^86 (what-is-the-remainder-when-43-86-is-divided-by-134778.html#p1098526). _________________ Veritas Prep GMAT Instructor Joined: 16 Oct 2010 Posts: 7376 Location: Pune, India Followers: 2288 Kudos [?]: 15127 [1] , given: 224 Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink] ### Show Tags 23 Jun 2012, 08:50 1 This post received KUDOS Expert's post idreesma wrote: i did it the following way (just making sure that its not by luck that i got the right answer) 43^86 /5 ==> since we are looking for a remainder that is 40+3 ... 3^86 [3 repeats in the following manner 3^1=3, 3^2=9, 3^3=7, 3^4=1 [only unit digits] 86/4 ==> Remainder is 2 .. which means that unit digit is going to be 9 (9/5 ==> gives a remainder of 4 as E) Your logic worked because we are discussing divisibility by 5 here. The last digit decides the remainder when a number is divided by 5. Remainder when ****7 is divided by 5 will always be 2. Remainder when *****4 is divided by 5 will always be 4. This is so because every number that ends in 0 or 5 is divisible by 5 and only numbers ending in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5. Last digit works only for 2 and 5. If you consider divisibility by say 3 or 7 etc last digit logic doesn't work so be careful. _________________ Karishma Veritas Prep | GMAT Instructor My Blog Get started with Veritas Prep GMAT On Demand for$199

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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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19 Oct 2012, 00:44
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Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4

for finding remainder of any no by 5 & 10...
find the last digit of the no..

The last digit of 43^86 is same as that of 3^86

3 has a cyclicity of 4 : 3,9,7,1

So 86/4 gives a remainder of 2 ..

So chosing 9 as the last digit

Now 9/5 ....R = 4

E)
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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06 Jun 2013, 06:33
1
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Expert's post
Bumping for review and further discussion*. Get a kudos point for an alternative solution!

*New project from GMAT Club!!! Check HERE

Theory on remainders problems: remainders-144665.html

All DS remainders problems to practice: search.php?search_id=tag&tag_id=198
All PS remainders problems to practice: search.php?search_id=tag&tag_id=199

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Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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08 Jun 2013, 06:04
VeritasPrepKarishma wrote:
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer.
Thanks

First check out the post on binomial on this link: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... ek-in-you/

Now the question will take you 15 secs.

$$43^{86} = (40 + 3)^{86}$$

Since 40 is completely divisible by 5, you only have to think about $$3^{86}$$
$$3^{86} = 9^{43} = (10 - 1)^{43}$$

Again, 10 is completely divisible by 5 so we only need to worry about (-1). The remainder will be $$(-1)^{43} = -1$$ which means the remainder is 5 - 1 = 4

If you are uncomfortable with negative remainders, check this post: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... emainders/

Hi Karishma/Bunnel,

Find the unit's digit of 47^(73^80)

Here 73^80 is number with unit's digit 1.
There fore a number ending in 7 when raised to the power a number ending in 1 - the units digit will vary
for example -
unit's digit of xy7^11 = 3,
unit's digit of xy7^21 = 7,
unit's digit of xy7^31 = 3,

however the explanation is as shown in the file attached.

I didnt get the part "If the remainder is 1, that means we will take the first term of the cycle of 7^x.

Another similar problem : 28^(43^20)

here according to me units digit will vary according to the power:

unit's digit of xy8^11 = 2,
unit's digit of xy8^21 = 8,

Attachments

ScreenHunter_46 Jun. 08 18.25.jpg [ 63.61 KiB | Viewed 148356 times ]

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Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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09 Jun 2013, 22:22
2
KUDOS
Expert's post
1
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BOOKMARKED
cumulonimbus wrote:
VeritasPrepKarishma wrote:
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer.
Thanks

First check out the post on binomial on this link: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... ek-in-you/

Now the question will take you 15 secs.

$$43^{86} = (40 + 3)^{86}$$

Since 40 is completely divisible by 5, you only have to think about $$3^{86}$$
$$3^{86} = 9^{43} = (10 - 1)^{43}$$

Again, 10 is completely divisible by 5 so we only need to worry about (-1). The remainder will be $$(-1)^{43} = -1$$ which means the remainder is 5 - 1 = 4

If you are uncomfortable with negative remainders, check this post: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... emainders/

Hi Karishma/Bunnel,

Find the unit's digit of 47^(73^80)

Here 73^80 is number with unit's digit 1.
There fore a number ending in 7 when raised to the power a number ending in 1 - the units digit will vary
for example -
unit's digit of xy7^11 = 3,
unit's digit of xy7^21 = 7,
unit's digit of xy7^31 = 3,

however the explanation is as shown in the file attached.

I didnt get the part "If the remainder is 1, that means we will take the first term of the cycle of 7^x.

Another similar problem : 28^(43^20)

here according to me units digit will vary according to the power:

unit's digit of xy8^11 = 2,
unit's digit of xy8^21 = 8,

This question uses two related but different concepts - cyclicity and remainders

What is the last digit of $$47^5$$?

You know that the last digit is obtained by focusing on the last digit on the number i.e. 7.
7 has a cyclicity of 7, 9, 3, 1

47^1 = 47
47^2 = ...9
47^3 = ....3
47^4 = ....1
47^5 = ....7
47^6 = ....9
47^7 = .....3
47^8 = ....1
and so on

So the last digit depends on the remainder obtained when the power is divided by 4. If the power is a multiple of 4, the last digit will always be 1. If the power is 1 more than a multiple of 4 (remainder 1 when power is divided by 4), the last digit will be 7. If the power is 2 more than a multiple of 4, the last digit will be 9. If the power is 3 more than a multiple of 4, the last digit will be 3.

The concept remains the same here: $$47^x$$ where $$x = 73^{80}$$
The last digit depends on whether x is divisible by 4 or not. If not, what is the remainder?

So basically we have to take two steps:
Step I: Find the remainder when x is divided by 4.
Step II: Find the corresponding last digit for that remainder.

Step I:
$$73^{80}/4$$
$$(72+1)^{80}/4$$
(This concept is discussed above)
72 is divisible by 4.

So when $$73^{80}$$ is divided by 4, remainder is 1.

So the power of 47 is 1 more than a multiple of 4.

Step II
Knowing the cyclicity of 7, this means the last digit will be 7.
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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11 Jun 2013, 02:12
Hi Guys,
pretty new to the forum!

in such questions, one method which I follow is as follows:-
for 43^86, we can find the last digit of this & that's enough for us.

consider the 3^86(units digit)

1) power cycle of 3 as explained by mates above is "4"
2) find out remainder of 86/4, which is "2"
3) take "2" as your new power
4) now find out remainder when (3^2) /5, which is 4

hope this helps!
might not be your only method, but might be the best method!

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Re: What is the remainder when 43^{86} is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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28 Jun 2013, 09:55
VeritasPrepKarishma wrote:
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when $$43^{86}$$ is divided by 5?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4

Please provide a detail explanation on how you achieved the correct answer.
Thanks

First check out the post on binomial on this link: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... ek-in-you/

Now the question will take you 15 secs.

$$43^{86} = (40 + 3)^{86}$$

Since 40 is completely divisible by 5, you only have to think about $$3^{86}$$
$$3^{86} = 9^{43} = (10 - 1)^{43}$$

Again, 10 is completely divisible by 5 so we only need to worry about (-1). The remainder will be $$(-1)^{43} = -1$$ which means the remainder is 5 - 1 = 4

If you are uncomfortable with negative remainders, check this post: http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2011/05 ... emainders/

ya it makes sense..i also did the same thing until the last step where 3^86, So rather than taking 9, i took 27(Since i wanted a positive remainder.). But this gives 2 as a remainder, although remainder should come same.
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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28 Jun 2013, 20:00
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4

An easy approach that will help you solve the question in less than a minute.

Now, we have 43^86 divided by 5

5*9= 45

If i divide, 43 by 5 i get the remainder as 3 or -2.
I hope you get the -2 logic. ( 3-5 => -2)

remainder can be 3 or it can also be -2.

Now,using this approach. 43^86 can be written as (-2)^86

=> 43^86
=> (-2)^86
=> (-2)^84 * (-2)^2 ------ When the bases are same the powers get added, we can split the term -2^86
=> (-2^4)^21 * (-2)^2 ----------- 84 can be rewritten as 4*21 and the 4 is brought inside the braces making -2 as -2^4 ---- remember this is all about playing with powers... so do it carefully....

=> 16^21 * 4

16^21 * 4 divided by 5
16 when divided by 5 gives remainder 1

1^21 *4
=> 4 is the remainder...

You must be wondering when 86 was splitted to 84 and 2. See, we have to figure the power of 2 in such a way that it is easily divisible by 5.
2^1=2, when divided by 5 will give remainder 2...not of our use
2^2=4, when divided by 5 will give remainder 4...not of our use... this can be used to deduce the remained-- it is one of my favourite's apporach, but i will explain that later...
2^3=8, when divided by 5 will give remainder 3...not of our use
2^4=16, when divided by 5 will give remainder 1... this one is good.

Therefore, we get the remainder as 4..

Just practice few questions using this approach and it wont take more than a minute to solve remainder types of questions....
You can use the same approach for any number.
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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14 Jul 2013, 07:14
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Here's how I did this one

$$\frac{3^{86}}{5}$$= ?

when

$$3^1$$ divided by 5 remainder is 3
$$3^2$$ divided by 5 remainder is 4
$$3^3$$ divided by 5 remainder is (4*3) / 5 = 2
$$3^4$$ divided by 5 remainder is ( 2*3)/ 5 = 1
$$3^5$$ divided by 5 remainder is 3

So the repeating block is {3,4,2,1}

when we divide 86 by 4 the remainder is 2

Hence the remainder for this problem is 4.
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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14 Jul 2013, 09:48
Alterego wrote:
What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4

Remainder$$[\frac{43^{86}}{5}] \to Rem[\frac{3^{86}}{5}]$$;Because the remainder when 43 is divided by 5 is 3,

Also,$$Rem[\frac{3^{86}}{5}]$$ =$$Rem[\frac{3^{4*21}*3^2}{5}]$$ = $$Rem[\frac{81^{21}*3^2}{5}]$$ = $$Rem[\frac{1^{21}*9}{5}]$$ = $$Rem[\frac{9}{5}]$$ = 4.

Note: It is desirable to modify the expression in such a way that we get a remainder of 1, when divided by 5. Thus, we take out $$3^4$$ from the given expression, which results in 81.

E.
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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28 Jul 2013, 04:27
Hope Everyone enjoys the shortest one:

Rem[ 43 ^ 86 / 5 ] ????

REM(43/5) = 3

=> REM( 3^86 /5)
=> REM( 9^43 /5) ?

Since REM(9/5) = 4

=> REM( 4^43/5)

=> REM ( 4^40 * 4 ^3)/5 ?

=> REM [ (16^10 * 16 *4)/5]

Since REM(16/5) = 1 , REM(4/5) = 4

=> REM(1*1*4)/5 = REM(4/5) = 4
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Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5? [#permalink]

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23 Sep 2013, 12:47
Bunuel wrote:
What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. 4

Notice that $$43^{86}=(40+3)^{86}$$. Now, if we expand this expression, all terms but the last one will have 40 as multiple and thus will be divisible by 5. The last term will be $$3^{86}$$. So we should find the remainder when $$3^{86}$$ is divided by 5.

Next, $$3^{86}=9^{43}$$. 9 in odd power has units digit of 9 hence yields the remainder of 4 upon division by 5 (9 in even power has units digit of 1 hence yields the remainder of 1 upon division by 5).

Similar questions to practice:
when-51-25-is-divided-by-13-the-remainder-obtained-is-130220.html
what-is-the-remainder-of-126493.html
what-is-the-remainder-when-32-32-32-is-divided-by-100316.html
what-is-the-remainder-when-18-22-10-is-divided-by-99724.html

Hope it helps.

Hi Brunel,

Re: What is the remainder when 43^86 is divided by 5?   [#permalink] 23 Sep 2013, 12:47

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