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Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports

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Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 16 Apr 2024, 11:12
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Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalaland’s highways drove sports cars, 25 percent of all vehicles ticketed for drunk driving in the past 90 days were sports cars. Clearly, sports car drivers on Lalaland highways are more likely to drive drunk than are drivers of other kinds of vehicles.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Drivers on Lalaland highways drive drunk more often than do drivers on highways not covered in the report.

(B) Many of the vehicles ticketed for drunk driving were ticketed more than once during the time period covered by the report.

(C) Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed.

(D) The number of drivers ticketed for drunk driving was greater than the number of sportscars.

(E) Drivers of sports cars are less likely to be ticketed for drunk driving than are drivers of other kinds of cars.­
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Originally posted by Stiv on 24 Jul 2013, 11:39.
Last edited by Bunuel on 16 Apr 2024, 11:12, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   25 Jul 2013, 00:09
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This question uses a very classic logic assumption – Statistical Assumption. It is similar to hypothesis you see in Probability & Statistics of Quantitative.

The form is:
A is more likely to do X than B is
Assumption: Over the statical period, A does X more often than B does.

For example:
Team A has more chances to win this game than Team B does.
Assumption: Over the statical period, Team A wins more often than Team B

More example:
Mount A is more likely to have volcano than Mount B is
Assumption: Over the statical period, Mount A has volcano more often than Mount B

APPLY TO THIS QUESTION:

Fact: only 2 percent of drivers on Lalaland’s highways drove sports cars,
Fact: 25 percent of all vehicles ticketed for drunk driving in the past 90 days were sports cars.
Conclusion: Sports car drivers on Lalaland highways are more likely to drive drunk than are drivers of other kinds of vehicles.
Assumption: Over the statical period, sport car drivers drives drunk more often (more regularly) than drivers of other kind of vehicles do.

ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:

A)Drivers on Lalaland highways drive drunk more often than do drivers on highways not covered in the report.
Wrong. Out of scope. Nothing about “drivers on highways not covered…”. We just talk about Lalaland highways.

B)Many of the vehicles ticketed for drunk driving were ticketed more than once during the time period covered by the report.
Wrong. TEMPTING. Why? The wording is quite simple, but if you do not read carefull, you may assume “many of the vehicles ticked for drunk driving more than once” are “sport vehicles”. However, B is wrong because B does not say these vehicles are sport cars. If that was the case, B would be correct assumption. But what if the vehicles ticked for drunk more than once may NOT be sport cars.

C)Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed.
Correct. This is exactly assumption stated above.

D)The number of drivers ticketed for drunk driving was greater than the number of sportscars.
Wrong. We do not compare the number of drivers vs the number of sportcars.

E)Drivers of sports cars are less likely to be ticketed for drunk driving than are drivers of other kinds of cars.
Wrong. It’s a reverse answer. Hence, E is wrong.

Hope it helps.
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   15 Aug 2013, 15:19
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mneeti wrote:

Hi, could you please elaborate a little more. I am not able to catch the exact point in 'C'.
The explanation you haven for negating 'B' applies to 'C' as well as in even 'C' doesn't talk about the sports cars. So, I am unable to figure out why 'C' is a better option than 'B'.


Hi mneeti

First of all, B and C are totally different in meaning. Let analyze.

B)Many of the vehicles ticketed for drunk driving were ticketed more than once during the time period covered by the report.
B is wrong because B only mentions that those who were ticketed for drunk driving will be ticketed again during the time period. But what if those who were ticketed more than one time are are drivers of other kinds of vehicles, NOT drivers of sport vehicles. If that’s the case, you cannot conclude drivers of sport vehicles drunk more regularly than drivers of other kind of vehicles do.
Hence, B is not the assumption.

C)Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed.
C means those who are ticketed fro drunk driving are more likely ticketed again. It does not matter drivers of sport cars or other kind of cars. This is the base for a comparison between the number of ticket/driver of sport cars AND the number of ticket/driver of other kind of cars.

Name “drivers of sport cars” is SET 1, name “drivers of other kind of cars is SET 2.
So, if the number of ticket/driver of SET 1 is greater than that of SET 2, the conclusion is correct.

Let analyze an example:

Assume we have 1000 drivers
SET 1 accounts for 2% = 20 drivers
SET 2 accounts for 98% = 980 drivers

Assume we have 100 tickets for drunk driving.
SET 1 accounts for 25% = 25 tickets
SET 2 accounts for 75% = 75 tickets.

Ticket / Driver:
20 drivers of sports cars got 25 tickets ==> 1.25 ticket / driver
980 drivers of other kind of cars got 75 tickets ==> 0.07 ticket / driver
Clearly, drivers of sport cars are more likely are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers. Hence, C is the assumption.

Hope it helps.
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   25 Jul 2013, 10:31
this assumption question relies on the connection between 25 % and more likely. Assuming that if a higher percentage of people have something happen to them then that makes it more likely. The answer choices are designed to distract the reader with other, irrelevant issues.
Stiv wrote:
Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalaland’s highways drove sports cars, 25 percent of all vehicles ticketed for drunk driving in the past 90 days were sports cars. Clearly, sports car drivers on Lalaland highways are more likely to drive drunk than are drivers of other kinds of vehicles.

The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions?

A)Drivers on Lalaland highways drive drunk more often than do drivers on highways not covered in the report. the subject of other highways is irrelevant becuase the argument does not address other highways
B)Many of the vehicles ticketed for drunk driving were ticketed more than once during the time period covered by the report. Being ticketed more than once would acutally weaken the argument becuase it would show a problem with the statistics
C)Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed. this is correct because it directly connects the number of tickets to the likelyhood of driving drunk
D)The number of drivers ticketed for drunk driving was greater than the number of sportscars. This is irrelevant becuase the ratio of tickets to sportscars doesn't matter unless all of the sportscars were getting tickets
E)Drivers of sports cars are less likely to be ticketed for drunk driving than are drivers of other kinds of cars.While this may strengthen the argument, it is not an assumption becuase it is a new fact, not a connection of two facts in the argument itself.
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   08 Aug 2013, 02:50
pqhai wrote:
This question uses a very classic logic assumption – Statistical Assumption. It is similar to hypothesis you see in Probability & Statistics of Quantitative.

The form is:
A is more likely to do X than B is
Assumption: Over the statical period, A does X more often than B does.

For example:
Team A has more chances to win this game than Team B does.
Assumption: Over the statical period, Team A wins more often than Team B

More example:
Mount A is more likely to have volcano than Mount B is
Assumption: Over the statical period, Mount A has volcano more often than Mount B

APPLY TO THIS QUESTION:

Fact: only 2 percent of drivers on Lalaland’s highways drove sports cars,
Fact: 25 percent of all vehicles ticketed for drunk driving in the past 90 days were sports cars.
Conclusion: Sports car drivers on Lalaland highways are more likely to drive drunk than are drivers of other kinds of vehicles.
Assumption: Over the statical period, sport car drivers drives drunk more often (more regularly) than drivers of other kind of vehicles do.

ANALYZE EACH ANSWER:

A)Drivers on Lalaland highways drive drunk more often than do drivers on highways not covered in the report.
Wrong. Out of scope. Nothing about “drivers on highways not covered…”. We just talk about Lalaland highways.

B)Many of the vehicles ticketed for drunk driving were ticketed more than once during the time period covered by the report.
Wrong. TEMPTING. Why? The wording is quite simple, but if you do not read carefull, you may assume “many of the vehicles ticked for drunk driving more than once” are “sport vehicles”. However, B is wrong because B does not say these vehicles are sport cars. If that was the case, B would be correct assumption. But what if the vehicles ticked for drunk more than once may NOT be sport cars.

C)Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed.
Correct. This is exactly assumption stated above.

D)The number of drivers ticketed for drunk driving was greater than the number of sportscars.
Wrong. We do not compare the number of drivers vs the number of sportcars.

E)Drivers of sports cars are less likely to be ticketed for drunk driving than are drivers of other kinds of cars.
Wrong. It’s a reverse answer. Hence, E is wrong.

Hope it helps.


Hi, could you please elaborate a little more. I am not able to catch the exact point in 'C'.
The explanation you haven for negating 'B' applies to 'C' as well as in even 'C' doesn't talk about the sports cars. So, I am unable to figure out why 'C' is a better option than 'B'.
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   08 Sep 2019, 00:14
Hi all,

Could you kindly share: when i negate the answer C, the conclusion does not break:

"Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are more likely to drive drunk regularly than are drivers who are not ticketed."
--> Negation: "Drivers who are ticketed for drunk driving are not more likely to drive drunk regularly than are driver who are not ticketed."

Even with this negation, the conclusion still holds "sports car drivers on Lalaland highways are more likely to drive drunk than are drivers of other kinds of vehicles", because "2 percent of drivers on Lalaland’s highways drove sports cars, 25 percent of all vehicles ticketed for drunk driving in the past 90 days were sports cars".

Could someone help to clarify?

Many thanks
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink] New post   16 Apr 2024, 11:04
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Re: Although only 2 percent of drivers on Lalalands highways drove sports [#permalink]
16 Apr 2024, 11:04
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