In the cross section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal

Option C goes out because of were
D changes the meaning
E - having makes the option wordy
Between A and B - B conveys the meaning crisply.

In my opinion, B

In the cross section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown.

(A) In the cross-section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown. Incorrect

redundancy error- In the cross-section something was shown, sounds bad

(B) The cross-section of the molar showed widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss. Correct

(C) In the cross-section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss were shown. Incorrect

SV error- the widening singular

(D) Both the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown in the cross-section of the molar. Incorrect

parallelism error- Both the widening ....and adjacent bone.....

(E) The cross section of the molar having shown widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss. Incorrect

having shown - wrong

Let's try to get the meaning of the original sentence.

In the cross section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown.

What's shown?
the widening of the periodontal ligament + adjacent bone loss
These are two different things.
The widening of adjacent bone loss is nonsensical.
Thus, we need 'were' (and not 'was') to correctify the original sentence.

(A) In the cross-section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown.

Incorrect for "was"

(B) The cross-section of the molar showed widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss.
Writing in passive :
Widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss were shown by the cross-section of the molar.
Looks correct.

(C) In the cross-section of the molar, the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss were shown.
The widening of X and Y - implies the widening both X(the periodontal ligament) and Y(adjacent bone loss).
The widening of adjacent bone loss - is nonsensical.


(D) Both the widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss was shown in the cross-section of the molar.
Incorrect for "was".

(E) The cross section of the molar having shown widening of the periodontal ligament and adjacent bone loss.
"having...." just modifies cross section of the molar. It's a sentence fragment and not a complete sentence.

IMO B

B is the answer.

C and D use passive voice . D uses both , which is unnecessary. (prefer active voice over passive voice)
E unnecessary use of having shown .
A has S-V error. usage of was is incorrect.

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