sztiwari wrote:
A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
(A) flames spreading
(B) flame spreads
(C) flames are caused to spread
(D) causing flames to spread
(E) causing spreading of the flames
Zemy wrote:
It looks like to me that letter (A) and letter (D) meet the parallelism rule.
With letter A ---->A fire <etc etc>, making ignition much easier and flames spreading more quickly.
With letter D ---->A fire <etc etc>, making ignition much easier and causing flames to spread more quickly.
In the first, ignition and flames spreading are parallel nouns; in the second, Making and causing are parallels. Is parallelism the real difference between those answer choices? Someone could explain better why it can't be letter A?
Thanks
Hi
Zemy , no, A is not correct.
The word "making" in option A applies to both
ignition and
flames, this way:
making ignition much easier and
making flames spreading more quicklyMake is a special verb.
In A, the special verb "make" is constructed incorrectly.
That failure leads to a lack of parallelism in meaning.
1) Special class of verbs: causative verbs in general"Make" is in a special class of verbs called "causative verbs."
Causative verbs indicate that someone/something is causing an action or event to occur.
There are "general" causative verbs such as
allow, require, help, persuade, cause, force, persuadeCausative verbs follow a very particular structure:
SPECIAL VERB + PERSON/THING + INFINITIVE/BARE INFINITIVE
A "bare infinitive" or a "base-form verb" = infinitive without "to"
The teacher allowed him to watch the video.
GMAT rules require testers to be timed.
The drill sergeant had the recruits wash the latrines.
The wind caused the flames to spread more quickly.2) Three strict cases of verbs must be followed by the bare infinitiveStrict cases of special causative verbs:
make, let, and haveThese three verbs are in a class of their own.
Their construction is in this form:
SPECIAL VERB + NOUN +
BARE INFINITIVE(also called "base-form")
The causative verbs
make, let, and
have are followed by
bare infinitives .
There are very few exceptions.
Make the child study.
Let the rushed person exit first.
Have your sister call me.Read more about causative verbs here.3) This sentence and Answer A's problemsIn this sentence, "making" is used in a causative sense.
Special conditions under which fire is in an enclosed space end up
making ignition easier and the spread of flames more swift. That sentence is not an answer choice.
Assuming that Option D were not an option,
Option A would have to be written this way:
making . . . flames spread more quicklyCorrect. MAKING + FLAMES +
SPREAD more quickly
making . . .flames spreading more quickly
100% incorrect.
"Spreading" is NOT in the base infinitive form.
That error in construction is enough to reject A.
In addition, the construction error leads to a change in meaning, which in turn
leads to a lack of parallelism.
A fire in an enclosed space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel,
making ignition much easier
and flames spreading more quickly.
"making ignition easier" indicates that the ignition is
being altered so that it becomes easier.
"making flames spreading more quickly" indicates that flames are
being created.
The intended meaning of the sentence indicates that certain conditions make other events
change.
being changed
≠ being created
Option A has a clear grammar error and
is not parallel with the meaning of "making another event happen differently."
The correct answer is D.
Hope that helps.