NEW HERE? LEARN MORE
closeclose
Last visit was: 26 Apr 2024, 19:14 It is currently 26 Apr 2024, 19:14
Decision Tracker
My Rewards
New posts
New comers' posts

Close
GMAT Club Daily Prep
Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GMAT score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History
Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.
Go to My Error Log Learn more
Close
Request Expert Reply
Confirm Cancel

A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing

SORT BY:
Date
Kudos
Tags:
Find Similar Topics 
Show Tags
Hide Tags
User avatar
B
nusmavrik
Senior Manager
Senior Manager
Joined: 26 Nov 2009
Status:Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. It's a dare. Impossible is nothing.
Affiliations: University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Posts: 470
Own Kudos [?]: 2377 [97]
Given Kudos: 36
Location: Singapore
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Chicago Booth - Class of 2015
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 10 Mar 2018, 03:23
13
Kudos
84
Bookmarks
00:00
A
B
C
D
E

Difficulty:

55% (hard)

Question Stats:

66% (02:26) correct 34% (02:38) wrong based on 3089 sessions
Hide Show timer Statistics
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste.

(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins.

(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water.

(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price.

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.
ShowHide Answer
Official Answer
E

Originally posted by nusmavrik on 18 Jun 2010, 11:17.
Last edited by broall on 10 Mar 2018, 03:23, edited 1 time in total.
Reformatted question, added OA
Most Helpful Reply
User avatar
L
KarishmaB
Tutor
Joined: 16 Oct 2010
Posts: 14831
Own Kudos [?]: 64941 [13]
Given Kudos: 427
Location: Pune, India
Send PM
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 12 Jul 2021, 21:34
6
Kudos
7
Bookmarks
Expert Reply
nusmavrik wrote:
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste.

(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins.

(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water.

(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price.

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.



Lignins, a currently worthless by-product of paper making, can help extract oil profitably if oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel.
Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers.

(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste.

The argument says that Lignins right now is worthless. This option says the same thing that a small quantity of it is sold and rest disposed off. So it doesn't add much to the argument. If anything, it supports the argument and is certainly not against it. If Lignins is worthless right now but can be put to good use, the paper manufacturers might see a big profit boost.

(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins.

Perhaps so. It explains the 20-dollar a barrel threshold. It doesn't have any impact on our conclusion.

(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water.

It explains why Lignins may be useful. Does not weaken conclusion.

(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price.

It explains why Lignins may be useful. Its substitutes are expensive. Does not weaken conclusion.

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.

Only a small percentage of Lignins will be used. Then we may not see the "rapid growth in profits" as predicted. It weakens the conclusion.

Answer (E)

Originally posted by KarishmaB on 25 Apr 2019, 04:45.
Last edited by KarishmaB on 12 Jul 2021, 21:34, edited 1 time in total.
User avatar
tryingharder
Manager
Manager
Joined: 09 Jul 2010
Posts: 57
Own Kudos [?]: 74 [6]
Given Kudos: 3
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   26 Jul 2010, 23:37
4
Kudos
2
Bookmarks
nusmavrik wrote:
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.


this argument can be easily narrowed down to B and E rest all are beyond the facts given in the argument.

B talks about rising cost, which need not essentially impact profitability. There4 B ruled out.

The scope of the argument is broadened from a new technique for extracting residues of oil, which is expected to be profitable if oil prices are 20$ a barrel(in premise) to investors looking to invest in paper manufacturing companies, whose worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity(in conclusion). Thus there is a gap between the two. To weaken the argument we would need to attack the assumption. For example we could say profitability will be negatively impacted that if not as much of the new technique for extracting oil is significantly applied. Less demand in turn would affect the supply of Lignins. The by-product will soon be a nonprofit-boosting commodity. Consequently investors will not invest in paper manufacturing. E clarifies demand supply relation and attacks the assumption.
General Discussion
User avatar
ramana
Manager
Manager
Joined: 18 Oct 2008
Posts: 83
Own Kudos [?]: 92 [3]
Given Kudos: 11
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   19 Jun 2010, 01:37
1
Kudos
2
Bookmarks
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste. -- strengthen,worthless/waste byproduct can used to refine oil

(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins. increased costof refining crude oil using lignins. again profit. stenghten

(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water. irrelevant - drawbacks of other techniques.


(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price. Costly petroleum-based substance cant be compared to worthless by-product.


(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry. larger than required, implies only some part is used which cant be profit boosting commodity.


correct me if am wrong.
User avatar
mourinhogmat1
Manager
Manager
Joined: 08 Jun 2010
Posts: 216
Own Kudos [?]: 196 [1]
Given Kudos: 13
Location: United States
Concentration: General Management, Finance
Schools: Darden '15 (D) Wharton '15 (D) Johnson '15 (S)
GMAT 1: 680 Q50 V32
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   26 Jul 2010, 21:38
1
Kudos
E it is...

I just began to realize a lot of the CR questions expect the test taker to know some supply and demand concepts. Not sure if the GMAC is tuning its test for business folks.
avatar
B
siddharthfrancis
Manager
Manager
Joined: 19 Sep 2016
Posts: 59
Own Kudos [?]: 5 [0]
Given Kudos: 292
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   11 Oct 2018, 17:31
Please explain why E is the answer.
User avatar
L
aragonn
Retired Moderator
Joined: 23 Sep 2015
Posts: 1267
Own Kudos [?]: 5652 [1]
Given Kudos: 416
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   11 Oct 2018, 18:14
1
Bookmarks
siddharthfrancis - usually GMAT does not expect someone to have any prior knowledge of anything, but basic principles are required such as this case. if some product has a huge supply then it cost cant be high. gold has high price cause its supply is restricted. more over demand is very less. if demand would have been high then it can be a debatable topic.

So paper manufacturing cant be a profit-boosting commodity on the grounds that this by product will help someone to have huge profits. Let me know if it helps.
avatar
B
HAPPYatHARVARD
Manager
Manager
Joined: 07 Apr 2018
Posts: 80
Own Kudos [?]: 58 [0]
Given Kudos: 271
Location: United States
Concentration: General Management, Marketing
GMAT 1: 600 Q45 V28
GPA: 3.8
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   11 Oct 2018, 18:38
A is weakening the agreement by stating that the paper manufacturers rather than burning the excess byproduct might as well give it to the oil manufacturer for a similar cost, hence resulting in no drastic increase in the profit of the company. Though E is also weakening the agreement, A can not be neglected.
User avatar
L
aragonn
Retired Moderator
Joined: 23 Sep 2015
Posts: 1267
Own Kudos [?]: 5652 [2]
Given Kudos: 416
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User Reviews Badge
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   11 Oct 2018, 18:48
1
Kudos
1
Bookmarks
HAPPYatHARVARD - problem with A is that it is talking on the lines of demand but not the supply. consider the situation of A but oil companies need a lot of this waste product then this story will be different. This is why A cant be the answer.
User avatar
L
adkikani
IIM School Moderator
Joined: 04 Sep 2016
Posts: 1261
Own Kudos [?]: 1240 [0]
Given Kudos: 1207
Location: India
WE:Engineering (Other)
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   12 Oct 2018, 20:58
nightblade354 generis VeritasKarishma DavidTutorexamPAL GMATNinja

Can you validate my argument reasoning and PoE?

Quote:
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.


Start with a conclusion in a weaken question.
Conclusion: Investors looking for better growth prospects in oil extraction
i.e. with more profitable margins shall be investing in paper manufacturers.

Premise:
A by-product of paper industry: lignin is more profitable to be used for oil extraction and
lignin is a worthless byproduct for paper industry.

Quote:
(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste.

OK, so 1-5 % of lignin is sold to chemical companies by paper manufacturers and 80-90% is burned as waste.
So are we saying that the effective amount of lignin available for chemical companies itself is less.
If demand for lignin is more (higher profitability for oil exraction) and supply is less then cost of
purchase of lignin would go higher. Will not this weaken the argument? More cost paid to lignin
will compensate for the profits earned by using it for efficient oil extraction

Quote:
(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins.

Totally irrelevant to the argument, This is like saying: the employees in a firm are not performing to their potential.
Well anyways the overall economy is bad, so even their efficient throughput will not help in more profits.

Quote:
(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water.

Opposite ans, So I must use similar techniques as lignin to extract more oil.

Quote:
(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price.

Why oil prices increase is not my scope of argument at all.

Quote:
(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.

Say paper manufacturers produce: 10 mT of lignin
Oil industry would use: 0.1 mT
I could not comprehend how would this weaken author's claim?
avatar
S
sahilbhatia
Intern
Intern
Joined: 02 Dec 2017
Posts: 7
Own Kudos [?]: 75 [2]
Given Kudos: 29
Location: India
Schools: Carey '21 (WD) Duke '21 (WD) Wharton '21 (WD)
GMAT 1: 730 Q50 V38
GRE 1: Q167 V163
GPA: 4
WE:Manufacturing and Production (Consumer Products)
Send PM
Reviews Badge
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   10 Dec 2018, 07:15
2
Kudos
adkikani Since there is some wastage involved in producing the By product 'lignin' therefore such an investment wont be profitable, thereby weakening the logic / Conclusion that Investing in Paper Manufacturing will be profitable.
User avatar
L
Abhishek009
Board of Directors
Joined: 11 Jun 2011
Status:QA & VA Forum Moderator
Posts: 6072
Own Kudos [?]: 4690 [2]
Given Kudos: 463
Location: India
GPA: 3.5
WE:Business Development (Commercial Banking)
Send PM
GMAT ToolKit User
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   10 Dec 2018, 09:57
2
Kudos
adkikani wrote:
Quote:
(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.

Say paper manufacturers produce: 10 mT of lignin
Oil industry would use: 0.1 mT
I could not comprehend how would this weaken author's claim?


Just adding my views (continuing with your calculations)

lignin is a waste product of the paper industry having negligible value , and it is scrapped/ dumped as it doesnt provide any value to the paper industry...

Now, continuing with your calculation, 10 - 0.10 = 9.90mT (99%) of lignin is not used in the new technology...

Thus, we find that there is a net increase in demand for the use of the new technology by 1%, thus this method may not be considered a profitable investment, hence it weakens the argument !!!
User avatar
S
sssanskaar
Manager
Manager
Joined: 09 Aug 2020
Posts: 226
Own Kudos [?]: 76 [1]
Given Kudos: 163
Location: India
Schools: IIMA PGPX'23
GMAT 1: 710 Q48 V39 (Online)
Send PM
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   09 Jul 2021, 21:55
1
Kudos
nusmavrik wrote:
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.


Hi respected experts - DmitryFarber / GMATNinja / mikemcgarry,

Apologies in advance if this may sound like a silly doubt :)

In option E, which is the correct answer mentioned here, it is said that the lignins are being made in a much larger quantity than what is useful in the oil industry. At the same time, in the argument, it is mentioned that lignins just are a worthless by-product of the paper industry.

How I thought is - hmm.. so since lignins have no commercial value and even if the investors invest in the industry in which a good chunk of lignins are being wasted, the investors will still see a rise in profit because they will still use at least some lignins that are required in the oil industry and that will soon be a profit-boosting commodity, as the oil prices rise.

Hence, while solving this question, initially I parked option E at the backseat because it didn't make much sense to me in terms of weakening the argument. Can you please help me understand where am I faltering in my reasoning?

Yes, agreed that option E hovers on the line of "this outcome could have been better if the wastage weren't there" but it doesn't feel as if it is weakening the argument by saying something like "investors won't be seeing a rapid rise in the profits".
User avatar
L
KarishmaB
Tutor
Joined: 16 Oct 2010
Posts: 14831
Own Kudos [?]: 64941 [2]
Given Kudos: 427
Location: Pune, India
Send PM
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   12 Jul 2021, 21:51
1
Kudos
1
Bookmarks
Expert Reply
sssanskaar wrote:
nusmavrik wrote:
A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing oil wells by using lignins, a by-product of papermaking, is profitable provided that oil prices are over 20 dollars a barrel. Since oil prices are rising, investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers, whose currently almost worthless by-product will soon be a profit-boosting commodity.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry.


Apologies in advance if this may sound like a silly doubt :)

In option E, which is the correct answer mentioned here, it is said that the lignins are being made in a much larger quantity than what is useful in the oil industry. At the same time, in the argument, it is mentioned that lignins just are a worthless by-product of the paper industry.

How I thought is - hmm.. so since lignins have no commercial value and even if the investors invest in the industry in which a good chunk of lignins are being wasted, the investors will still see a rise in profit because they will still use at least some lignins that are required in the oil industry and that will soon be a profit-boosting commodity, as the oil prices rise.

Hence, while solving this question, initially I parked option E at the backseat because it didn't make much sense to me in terms of weakening the argument. Can you please help me understand where am I faltering in my reasoning?

Yes, agreed that option E hovers on the line of "this outcome could have been better if the wastage weren't there" but it doesn't feel as if it is weakening the argument by saying something like "investors won't be seeing a rapid rise in the profits".


sssanskaar - Let me start by saying that it is the best available option.

Conclusion: Investors looking for companies with prospects for rapid growth in profits would be wise to invest in paper manufacturers.

The conclusion says that investors looking for rapid growth in profits should invest with paper manufacturers. But option (E) tells us that supply of lignis will far exceed the demand. Hence, are we likely to see "rapid growth in profits"? May be not. We may some some additional profits but rapid growth of profits is unlikely.
Hence, (E) does weaken our conclusion.
User avatar
B
Piotrek
Intern
Intern
Joined: 26 Oct 2016
Posts: 17
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 8
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   21 Dec 2022, 03:37
Hey guys, I would appreciate if someone explains me two things.

1. Could u tell me if my rationale here is correct?

E is correct, because let's say that there are 100 lignins and we use only 1 of them. Thus, it weakens the argument, because profit will be decreased by investing in these 99 that we won't use, so it's not clear whether investing in paper manufacturers is a good investment.

2. Please tell me where I'm going wrong in A. If there is not a lot of lignins, because most of them go to waste, then we can't use a lot of lignis and our potential to boost profit is limited.
User avatar
L
KarishmaB
Tutor
Joined: 16 Oct 2010
Posts: 14831
Own Kudos [?]: 64941 [0]
Given Kudos: 427
Location: Pune, India
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   22 Dec 2022, 21:40
Expert Reply
Piotrek wrote:
Hey guys, I would appreciate if someone explains me two things.

1. Could u tell me if my rationale here is correct?

E is correct, because let's say that there are 100 lignins and we use only 1 of them. Thus, it weakens the argument, because profit will be decreased by investing in these 99 that we won't use, so it's not clear whether investing in paper manufacturers is a good investment.

2. Please tell me where I'm going wrong in A. If there is not a lot of lignins, because most of them go to waste, then we can't use a lot of lignis and our potential to boost profit is limited.


Currently we do not gain any profit from lignins so profit will not decrease if only 1 of them is used. The point is that the argument is claiming that we will see rapid growth in prospects but if only 1 out of 100 lignins is used, rapid growth is unlikely. So (E) weakens the conclusion.

Currently the lignins are not being used and are being burnt (because they are useless). If we can find some use for them, we will not need to burn them. So option (A) is not against our plan at all. It just reaffirms what we already know - currently there is no use for lignins.
User avatar
G
Kratosgmat
Manager
Manager
Joined: 26 Sep 2022
Posts: 86
Own Kudos [?]: 2 [0]
Given Kudos: 40
Location: India
Concentration: General Management, Other
GRE 1: Q164 V158
Send PM
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   30 Jul 2023, 18:55
As per E more qty is produced for lesser demand, meaning the profit will go down . you wont see "rapid profits" Hence its the best option
User avatar
S
Raman109
Director
Director
Joined: 17 Aug 2009
Posts: 627
Own Kudos [?]: 31 [0]
Given Kudos: 21
Send PM
Forum Quiz Mode
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink] New post   15 Oct 2023, 14:12
Option elimination -

(A) A small quantity of lignins are currently sold by paper manufacturers to chemical companies, but most of the lignins produced are burnt as waste. If at most (>50%) is burnt as waste, then why invest in it as the current amount may be sufficient and we don't need investments to create overcapacity. And if any chance the demands overshoots, at best it supports. Because the paper manufacturers can make profits and thus pass on that to investors.

(B) The 20-dollar-a-barrel oil price as a threshold of profitability for using lignins allows for the increased cost of refining crude oil that has been extracted using lignins. We already know it. Distortion.

(C) Only one-half to two-thirds of the total oil in a well can be extracted using conventional techniques of pumping and flooding with water. - strengthener.

(D) Petroleum-based substances that can be used as a substitute for lignins in extracting oil are costly and are made from oil, and these substances therefore increase in price as oil increases in price. - strengthener.

(E) The quantity of lignins produced annually in the manufacture of paper is several times larger than the amount that is likely to be useful in the oil industry. Exactly.
GMAT Club Bot
gmatclubot
Re: A new technique for extracting residues of oil from existing [#permalink]
15 Oct 2023, 14:12
Moderators:
GMATNinja
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
6923 posts
GMATNinjaTwo
GMAT Club Verbal Expert
238 posts
mysterymanrog
CR Forum Moderator
832 posts

Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group | Emoji artwork provided by EmojiOne
Main navigation
GMAT Resources
Partners
MBA Resources
www.gmac.com|www.mba.com | | GMAT Club Rules | Terms and Conditions