4. The author describes the behavior of the circulatory system of sea snakes when they are removed from the ocean (see highlighted text) primarily in order toThe passage explains that gravity creates a blood-circulation problem for snakes on land, especially when they are in vertical positions. Sea snakes do not face this problem in water, but when taken out of water and tilted head-up, their blood pressure drops sharply. The author uses this contrast to show
what terrestrial snakes would face without special adaptations and then explains the adaptations that help them avoid that problem.
(A) illustrate what would occur in the circulatory system of terrestrial snakes without adaptations that enable them to regulate their blood pressure in vertical orientations
This is correct. The sea snake example shows the circulatory failure that would happen in head-up positions if terrestrial snakes did not have special adaptations.
(B) explain why arboreal snakes in vertical orientations must rely on muscle contractions to restore blood pressure to the brain
This is too narrow. The sea snake example comes before the discussion of arboreal snakes’ muscle contractions and is used more generally to set up the problem of gravity.
(C) illustrate the effects of circulatory failure on the behavior of arboreal snakes
This is wrong. The passage does not describe behavioral effects of circulatory failure in arboreal snakes.
(D) illustrate the superiority of the circulatory system of the terrestrial snake to that of the sea snake
This is too strong. The passage is about different adaptations to different environments, not about overall superiority.
(E) explain how changes in spatial orientation can adversely affect the circulatory system of snakes with hearts located in relatively close proximity to their heads
This is wrong. The sea snake example involves snakes whose hearts can be near the middle of the body, not close to the head.
Answer: (A)