Scientists have recently discovered that the ultrathin (singular), layered construction of a butterfly’s wings, the same as the one making some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon of
iridescence, are enabling the insect to control how much heat energy is absorbed by its
wings and how much is reflected away.
A. wings, the same as the one making some butterflies shimmer via the phenomenon
of iridescence, are enabling
Wrong. Subject verb disagreement.
B. wings, which is the same one that makes some butterflies shimmer via the
phenomenon of iridescence, that also enables
"which" refers to wings and not ultrathin so incorrect.
C. wings is the same as the one that makes some butterflies shimmer via the
phenomenon of iridescence, enabling
Not clear what "one" refer to. But to me it is second best option.
D. wings—the same construction that makes some butterflies shimmer via the
phenomenon of iridescence—also enables
Seems correct.
E. wings—of the same construction that makes some butterflies shimmer via the
phenomenon of iridescence—also enable
Wrong. Subject verb disagreement.
IMO D.