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07 Mar 2021, 23:30
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Question 1
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
55%
(hard)
Question Stats:
54% (03:17) correct
46%
(03:08) wrong
based on 289
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 2
B
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
15%
(low)
Question Stats:
72% (01:03) correct 28%
(01:07) wrong
based on 304
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 3
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
67% (01:08) correct 33%
(01:25) wrong
based on 313
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 4
D
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
80% (00:35) correct 20%
(00:36) wrong
based on 290
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 5
C
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
5%
(low)
Question Stats:
79% (00:41) correct 21%
(00:51) wrong
based on 284
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
Question 6
A
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
45%
(medium)
Question Stats:
58% (00:43) correct 42%
(00:55) wrong
based on 281
sessions
History
Date
Time
Result
Not Attempted Yet
The stratospheric ozone layer is not a completely uniform stratum, nor does it occur at the same altitude around the globe. It lies closest to the Earth over the poles and rises to maximum altitude over the equator. In the stratosphere, ozone is continuously being made and destroyed by natural processes. During the day the Sun breaks down some of the oxygen molecules to single oxygen atoms, and these reacting with the oxygen molecules that have not been dissociated, form ozone. However, the sunlight also breaks down ozone by converting some of it back to normal oxygen. In addition naturally occurring nitrogen oxides enter into the cycle and speed the breakdown reactions. The amount of ozone present at any one time is the balance between the processes that create it and those that destroy it.
Since the splitting of the oxygen molecules depends directly upon the intensity of solar radiation, the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics. However ozone is also destroyed most rapidly there, and wind circulation patterns carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes. On a typical day the amount of ozone over Minnesota, for example, is 30 percent greater than the amount over Texas, 900 miles farther south. The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. Nevertheless, at any one place above the Earth’s surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant.
The amount of ozone near the Earth is only a small percent of the amount in the stratosphere, and exchange of molecules between the ozone layer and the air at ground level is thought to be relatively small. Furthermore, the ozone molecule is so unstable that only a tiny fraction of ground-level ozone could survive the long trip to the stratosphere, so the ozone layer will not be replenished to any significant degree by the increasing concentrations of ozone that have been detected in recent years near the earth’s surface. The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places. This is why scientists are so concerned about human beings injection into the stratosphere of chemicals like nitrogen oxides, which are catalysts that facilitate the breakdown of ozone. If the ozone layer is depleted significantly, more ultraviolet radiation would penetrate to the Earth’s surface and damage many living organisms.
Since the splitting of the oxygen molecules depends directly upon the intensity of solar radiation, the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics. However ozone is also destroyed most rapidly there, and wind circulation patterns carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes. On a typical day the amount of ozone over Minnesota, for example, is 30 percent greater than the amount over Texas, 900 miles farther south. The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. Nevertheless, at any one place above the Earth’s surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant.
The amount of ozone near the Earth is only a small percent of the amount in the stratosphere, and exchange of molecules between the ozone layer and the air at ground level is thought to be relatively small. Furthermore, the ozone molecule is so unstable that only a tiny fraction of ground-level ozone could survive the long trip to the stratosphere, so the ozone layer will not be replenished to any significant degree by the increasing concentrations of ozone that have been detected in recent years near the earth’s surface. The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places. This is why scientists are so concerned about human beings injection into the stratosphere of chemicals like nitrogen oxides, which are catalysts that facilitate the breakdown of ozone. If the ozone layer is depleted significantly, more ultraviolet radiation would penetrate to the Earth’s surface and damage many living organisms.
1. The passage suggests that factors contributing to the variation in the amount of ozone above different areas of the Earth’s surface include which of the following?
I. Some of the ozone found at higher latitudes was produced elsewhere.
II. There is usually a smaller amount of naturally occurring nitrogen oxide over high latitudes.
III. The rate of ozone production over the poles is less than that over the tropics.
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
I. Some of the ozone found at higher latitudes was produced elsewhere.
II. There is usually a smaller amount of naturally occurring nitrogen oxide over high latitudes.
III. The rate of ozone production over the poles is less than that over the tropics.
(A) II only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III
2. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
(A) Naturally occurring nitrogen oxides, as well as those introduced by humans, threaten to deplete the layer of ozone in the stratosphere.
(B) A delicate but reasonably constant balance exists between the natural processes that produce and those that destroy ozone in the stratosphere.
(C) There is little hope that the increased concentrations of ground-level ozone observed in recent years can offset any future depletion of stratospheric ozone.
(D) Meteorologically induced changes in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere tend to cancel themselves out over a period of time.
(E) Solar radiation not only produces and destroys zone but also poses a hazard to human life.
(A) Naturally occurring nitrogen oxides, as well as those introduced by humans, threaten to deplete the layer of ozone in the stratosphere.
(B) A delicate but reasonably constant balance exists between the natural processes that produce and those that destroy ozone in the stratosphere.
(C) There is little hope that the increased concentrations of ground-level ozone observed in recent years can offset any future depletion of stratospheric ozone.
(D) Meteorologically induced changes in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere tend to cancel themselves out over a period of time.
(E) Solar radiation not only produces and destroys zone but also poses a hazard to human life.
3. The processes that determine the amount of ozone in a given portion of the stratosphere most resemble which of the following?
(A) Automobile emissions and seasonal fog that create a layer of smog over a city
(B) Planting and harvesting activities that produce a crop whose size is always about the same
(C) Withdrawals and deposits made in a bank account whose average balance remains about the same
(D) Assets and liabilities that determine the net worth of a corporation
(E) High grades and low grades made by a student whose average remains about the same from term to term
(A) Automobile emissions and seasonal fog that create a layer of smog over a city
(B) Planting and harvesting activities that produce a crop whose size is always about the same
(C) Withdrawals and deposits made in a bank account whose average balance remains about the same
(D) Assets and liabilities that determine the net worth of a corporation
(E) High grades and low grades made by a student whose average remains about the same from term to term
4. According to the passage, which of the following has the LEAST effect on the amount of ozone at a given location in the upper atmosphere?
(A) Latitude
(B) Weather
(C) Season
(D) Ground-level ozone
(E) Solar activity
(A) Latitude
(B) Weather
(C) Season
(D) Ground-level ozone
(E) Solar activity
5. The author provides information that answers which of the following questions?
I. What is the average thickness of the stratospheric ozone layer?
II. Why does increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation damage many living organisms?
III. What is the role of oxygen in the production of stratospheric zone?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) II and III
I. What is the average thickness of the stratospheric ozone layer?
II. Why does increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation damage many living organisms?
III. What is the role of oxygen in the production of stratospheric zone?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II
(E) II and III
6. In explaining what determines the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, the author describes natural processes that form
(A) an interactive relationship
(B) a reductive system
(C) a linear progression
(D) a set of randomly occurring phenomena
(E) a set of sporadically recurring events
(A) an interactive relationship
(B) a reductive system
(C) a linear progression
(D) a set of randomly occurring phenomena
(E) a set of sporadically recurring events
17 Mar 2021, 07:48
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Q1.
I. Yes. The author mentions in the 2nd paragraph, "wind circulation patterns carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes.".
II. No. No evidence of this has been provided in the passage.
III. Yes. The passage mentions, "the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics".
The answer is D.
Q2.
A. No. The passage only states that nitrogen oxide acts as a catalyst in the breaking down of Ozone. It does not further elaborate on this.
B. Yes. The author mentions in the last paragraph, "The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places." The preceding two paragraphs also provide the same conclusion, "at any one place above the Earth’s surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant."
C. No. Although this has been said in the last paragraph, this does not form the central idea of the passage.
D. No. Out of Scope.
E. No. Irrelevant.
Q3.
The passage suggests says, "The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity."
A. No. This is irrelevant.
B. No. Planting and harvesting activities are planned based on season. And the size of the crop mostly depends upon only one factor, i.e., Weather.
C. Yes. Withdrawals and Deposits made in a bank may depend upon various factors - sudden need of money, an increment, gift from somebody, gift to somebody, annual bonus, etc. These activities are not planned, but the need and the source of money keep arising leading to withdrawal and deposits, wherein the average balance remains about the same.
D. No. Assets and liabilities are also planned. Moreover, assets and liabilities are not processes.
E. No. High Grades and Low Grades are also not processes, and they solely depend upon the hard work of the student.
Q4.
D. is correct. This has been explicitly mentioned in the last paragraph of the passage.
Q5.
I. No. This question has not been addressed in the passage.
II. No. This has not been discussed either.
III. Yes. The author mentions in the 1st paragraph, "During the day the Sun breaks down some of the oxygen molecules to single oxygen atoms, and these reacting with the oxygen molecules that have not been dissociated, form ozone."
The answer is C.
Q6.
A. Yes. This is evident in the beginning of the 2nd paragraph.
B. No. This process has no where in the passage been implied as reductive.
C. No. The process cannot happen in linear progression. The passage states, "The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. "
D. No. The phenomena of solar radiation and weather and seasons does not occur randomly. They are all inter-related.
E. No. The natural processes do not recur irregularly. They are all inter-linked.
I. Yes. The author mentions in the 2nd paragraph, "wind circulation patterns carry the ozone-enriched upper layers of the atmosphere away from the equator. It turns out that the largest total ozone amounts are found at high latitudes.".
II. No. No evidence of this has been provided in the passage.
III. Yes. The passage mentions, "the greatest rate of ozone production occurs over the tropics".
The answer is D.
Q2.
A. No. The passage only states that nitrogen oxide acts as a catalyst in the breaking down of Ozone. It does not further elaborate on this.
B. Yes. The author mentions in the last paragraph, "The long-term averages of ozone both near ground level and in the stratosphere are regulated by continuous processes that are constantly destroying and creating it in each of these places." The preceding two paragraphs also provide the same conclusion, "at any one place above the Earth’s surface, the long-term averages maintained by natural processes are believed to be reasonably constant."
C. No. Although this has been said in the last paragraph, this does not form the central idea of the passage.
D. No. Out of Scope.
E. No. Irrelevant.
Q3.
The passage suggests says, "The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity."
A. No. This is irrelevant.
B. No. Planting and harvesting activities are planned based on season. And the size of the crop mostly depends upon only one factor, i.e., Weather.
C. Yes. Withdrawals and Deposits made in a bank may depend upon various factors - sudden need of money, an increment, gift from somebody, gift to somebody, annual bonus, etc. These activities are not planned, but the need and the source of money keep arising leading to withdrawal and deposits, wherein the average balance remains about the same.
D. No. Assets and liabilities are also planned. Moreover, assets and liabilities are not processes.
E. No. High Grades and Low Grades are also not processes, and they solely depend upon the hard work of the student.
Q4.
D. is correct. This has been explicitly mentioned in the last paragraph of the passage.
Q5.
I. No. This question has not been addressed in the passage.
II. No. This has not been discussed either.
III. Yes. The author mentions in the 1st paragraph, "During the day the Sun breaks down some of the oxygen molecules to single oxygen atoms, and these reacting with the oxygen molecules that have not been dissociated, form ozone."
The answer is C.
Q6.
A. Yes. This is evident in the beginning of the 2nd paragraph.
B. No. This process has no where in the passage been implied as reductive.
C. No. The process cannot happen in linear progression. The passage states, "The density and altitude of the ozone layer also change with the seasons, the weather, and the amount of solar activity. "
D. No. The phenomena of solar radiation and weather and seasons does not occur randomly. They are all inter-related.
E. No. The natural processes do not recur irregularly. They are all inter-linked.
26 Mar 2021, 06:19
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6th question it says about reductive system in the beginning of the second paragraph that that its amount will be lower in the stratosphere than on the Earth. Could someone explain why it is not B? It cearly says more about reductive system than about interaction which it barely touches.
