sgpk242 wrote:
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Thick concrete walls insulate well and houses built with them cost less to heat and cool than wooden houses do. Researchers compared a wooden house with a concrete house that was otherwise identical in every significant way (sun exposure, size, heating and cooling system, etc.). Over a year, monthly energy costs averaged $55 less for the concrete house. In practice, most people choosing a concrete house over a wooden one would probably realize still greater monthly savings on energy, because ________.
A - the houses in the survey were built in a region that has winters that are slightly cooler on average, and summers that are slightly warmer on average than is typical of most regions in the country
B - the heating and cooling systems in the houses in the survey were typical of those found in the average house in the area in which they were built
C - the wood used in building the wooden house in the survey had high insulating properties created by an experimental treatment that is generally regarded as too expensive for residential construction
D - the energy efficiency of houses with concrete walls varies greatly depending on the thickness of the walls, with relatively thin concrete walls providing only slightly greater energy efficiency than well-built wooden walls
E - for the first forty years or so after they are built, maintenance costs for houses built with thick concrete walls tend to be lower than maintenance costs for comparable houses built with wooden walls
A boy-o-boy wordy FIB question, all the modifiers are so important to understand this argument, and we can cut very little fluff during the analysis of this question.
Passage analysis:
Conclusion: The author claims that: in practice, people choosing a concrete house instead of a wooden house will probably have still greater savings than the $55 monthly savings claimed by the researchers.
Support for the conclusion: houses built with thick concrete walls cost less to heat and cool than wooden houses do. The concrete and wooden houses in the study were identical in every other significant way.
Initial thought after reading the FIB: We need to find a reason from the answer choices to back the author's conclusion, a strengthener.
Prethinking: How will the concrete house save more money in practice than it saved during the experiment ($55)?
Strengthener #1: a choice that somehow proves that concrete houses are, in practice, more efficient than the concrete houses in the researcher's experiment.
Strengthener #2: a choice that proves that wooden houses on average are less efficient than wooden houses in the experiment.
Keeping these 2 points in mind let's do answer choice analysis:
Choice A: This choice may seem attractive at first glance, but notice that the conditions claimed in this choice are true for both concrete houses and wooden houses, hence it doesn't provide us a contrast with the data in this choice. For instance, assume that in the experiment, concrete houses' energy bills on average comes to $200, and wooden houses' $255. So, if you are at most of the other places in the country, you can expect to see lesser dollar amount in bills than each respective type of house in the experiment. But will you see the margin between them "increase"?? Well now that would be an external assumption which is incorrect in the GMAT
For another instance, the relationship between the margin (the $55 saving per month) and the net energy bill might be DIRECTLY proportional due to the material science properties of concrete and wood at extreme temperatures, so when you live in places with further extreme temperatures (cooler and hotter) from the average you can expect to see HIGHER savings. BUT, as you come to the cities with lesser deviation from the normal or average temperature, you will see your margin decreasing
this would rather weaken the author's claim. INCORRECT CHOICE.
Choice C: By indicating that the insulation in wooden houses is usually worse than in the high-quality wooden houses in the experiment, we would back the author's claim that using concrete houses in practice will save people more than the $55 because the wooden houses in the experiment were of higher quality and consumed lesser energy than a typical wooden house, hence, deflating the savings in the experiment. Btw, this aligns too well with strengthener #2. CORRECT.
Choice D: This choice same as choice A, but in a more blunt way, assumes external info that the thickness of walls in the concrete houses on average is lesser than the concrete houses in the experiment. INCORRECT.
Hope this helps science guys looking for numeric explanations.