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Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul

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Bunuel
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Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   09 Apr 2020, 05:34
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Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipulating the data and programs they contain is comparable to joyriding in stolen cars; both involve breaking into private property and treating it recklessly. Joyriding, however, is the more dangerous crime because it physically endangers people, whereas only intellectual property is harmed in the case of computer crimes.

Arjun: I disagree! For example, unauthorized use of medical records systems in hospitals could damage data systems on which human lives depend, and therefore computer crimes also cause physical harm to people.

The reasoning in Arjun’s response is flawed because he


(A) fails to maintain a distinction made in Yolanda’s argument

(B) denies Yolanda’s conclusion without providing evidence against it

(C) relies on the actuality of a phenomenon that he has only shown to be possible

(D) mistakes something that leads to his conclusion for something that is necessary for his conclusion

(E) uses as evidence a phenomenon that is inconsistent with his own conclusion
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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   23 Apr 2020, 23:57
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Let us consider the answer options:

(A) fails to maintain a distinction made in Yolanda’s argument The distinction made in Yolanda's argument is that one crime causes physical harm (and the other presumably does not), making it more dangerous. Arjun states: "therefore computer crimes also cause physical harm to people". Therefore, he does acknowledge the distinction made by Yolanda - it is only that he believes that this distinction is not applicable to computer crimes. We cannot say for sure that he fails to maintain the distinction. Eliminate.

(B) denies Yolanda’s conclusion without providing evidence against it Arjun does provide an example (medical records) which contradicts Yolanda's line of reasoning with respect to computer crimes, which can be considered "evidence". Eliminate.

(C) relies on the actuality of a phenomenon that he has only shown to be possible Correct. Computer crimes may cause physical harm in the example provided by Arjun. However, this is only a possibility in Arjun's example (as evidence by the usage of the word "could"). Arjun's argument relies on this actually happening for his rebuttal to be valid.

(D) mistakes something that leads to his conclusion for something that is necessary for his conclusion The example provided by Arjun acts as a reason for his conclusion - there could be other such examples and hence this is not strictly necessary for his conclusion to be true. Eliminate.

(E) uses as evidence a phenomenon that is inconsistent with his own conclusion The evidence (example of medical records) is consistent with his conclusion. Eliminate.

Hope this helps.
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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   14 Apr 2020, 07:20
Bunuel wrote:
Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipulating the data and programs they contain is comparable to joyriding in stolen cars; both involve breaking into private property and treating it recklessly. Joyriding, however, is the more dangerous crime because it physically endangers people, whereas only intellectual property is harmed in the case of computer crimes.

Arjun: I disagree! For example, unauthorized use of medical records systems in hospitals could damage data systems on which human lives depend, and therefore computer crimes also cause physical harm to people.

The reasoning in Arjun’s response is flawed because he


(A) fails to maintain a distinction made in Yolanda’s argument

(B) denies Yolanda’s conclusion without providing evidence against it

(C) relies on the actuality of a phenomenon that he has only shown to be possible

(D) mistakes something that leads to his conclusion for something that is necessary for his conclusion

(E) uses as evidence a phenomenon that is inconsistent with his own conclusion


I think the answer to be (D) Lets see the POE

(A) : Why is a distinction required ?
(B) Provides an evidence. So out
(C) That is a phenomenon not that he has only proposed
(D) Yes maybe thinks the hospital one to be general
(E) Not inconsistent.
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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   21 Apr 2020, 10:54
Hi. Please explain this question taking each option in consideration. Although I chose D as the option but I would like to get a thinking approach on all options.
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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   21 Apr 2020, 11:04
Can any expert explain this problem? I think that Yolanda mentioned that "only intellectual property is harmed in the case of computer crimes" and Arjun took example for this case, not a disagreement
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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink] New post   21 Apr 2020, 11:55
Bunuel wrote:
Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipulating the data and programs they contain is comparable to joyriding in stolen cars; both involve breaking into private property and treating it recklessly. Joyriding, however, is the more dangerous crime because it physically endangers people, whereas only intellectual property is harmed in the case of computer crimes.

Arjun: I disagree! For example, unauthorized use of medical records systems in hospitals could damage data systems on which human lives depend, and therefore computer crimes also cause physical harm to people.

The reasoning in Arjun’s response is flawed because he


(A) fails to maintain a distinction made in Yolanda’s argument

(B) denies Yolanda’s conclusion without providing evidence against it

(C) relies on the actuality of a phenomenon that he has only shown to be possible

(D) mistakes something that leads to his conclusion for something that is necessary for his conclusion

(E) uses as evidence a phenomenon that is inconsistent with his own conclusion



Y says that Cyber crime and Car stealing are same. Except for one point.
Cyber Crime - IP is harmed
Car Stealing - Physical property is harmed

A says that Cyber crime is equally severe. And gives example in the form of hypothesis.

Y gives concrete example but A presents hypothesis.


A. Arjun is disagreeing to Y’s argument and thus his set of analogy can be different. But this does not explain why the reasoning is flawed.

B. Arjun provides the evidence by giving the example of Hospital data.

D. Arjun does not confuse ‘good to have’ with ‘must to have’

E. The only conclusion is ‘I disagree’ and Arjun’s presumes supports the conclusion.

C. Arjun introduces a hypothesis (probabilistic) to arrive at a (absolute / concrete) conclusion.

Hence C is the answer.

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Re: Yolanda: Gaining access to computers without authorization and manipul [#permalink]
21 Apr 2020, 11:55
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