In a recent study published in Nature Neuroscience, a team of scientis

Question

In a recent study published in Nature Neuroscience, a team of  scientists, concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,  caffeine enhances short-term memory.

A. scientists, concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,

B. scientists, concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test, and

C. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets should outperform participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,

D. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets did outperform participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,

E. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,

Hital · Answer

In a recent study published in Nature Neuroscience, a team of  scientists, concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,  caffeine enhances short-term memory.

A. scientists,  concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test,  -  concluding... is not a non-essential phrase. It is the main verb of the subject "scientist".

B. scientists,  concluding that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test, and   Same as A

C. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets  should outperform  participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test, -  Conclusion is based on a definite action that happened, not something that should happen

D. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets  did outperform  participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test, -  No strong reason, did outperform is stronger stylistically

E. scientists concluded that since participants who took caffeine tablets outperformed participants who took placebo tablets on a memory test, -  Correct choice

Abhishek009 · Answer

Must be (E) fr the highlighted errors in other options....

Bunuel · Answer

OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:

Creating a filter: On our read of the prompt, "that since" may sound a little funny. However, "that" introduces the statement that is the belief of the scientists, according to proper usage. And the statement just happens to begin with the word "since," which introduces a dependent clause. Moreover, all the answer choices have the phrase "that since." Supposing that we don't see any other error, we can move to the answer choices without a filter and search for objective defects.

Finding objective defects: All the answers are starting out the same, but we see differences at the ends of the lines of each answer choices. "And," "should," "did." To find objective defects, we can first compare the answer choices and look for differences.

Choice (B) is flawed because of the "and" at the end: it changes the meaning of the sentence. The scientists are drawing a conclusion in this sentence, and that conclusion is the last four words of the sentence, a clause all on its own, and since it's the sole conclusion, what precedes it is evidence for the conclusion, and it shouldn't be preceded by an "and."

Choice (C) is out, because it distorts the intended meaning by replacing a finding with an expectation or moral view indicated by "should."

Choice (D) is flawed in a similar way to (C): "did outperform" does not need a "did." The word "did" seems to imply a contrast with a prior opinion or belief, but there are no hints in the sentence of such an intended meaning.

That leaves us with choices (A) and (E), which are similar.Comparing them, we find that (A) has an error that we hadn't noticed at first. It has no main verb! The phrase starting with "concluding" is a dependent clause and can be logically extracted from the sentence, leaving "scientists caffeine enhances" and there is no verb in the sentence. So (A) is wrong; it failed to pass our first universal test, the test of the subject and verb of the independent clause.

The correct answer is (E).

In a recent study published in Nature Neuroscience, a team of scientis

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