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Active GMAT Club Expert! Tag them with @ followed by their username for a faster response.
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Decision points are:
1. Predict..... would is required. Not will. E is out.
2. To prevent is required(to show the purpose). For preventing.. is wrong. B and E are out.
3. Taken / They took... Taken is right to define the action. So B and D are out.
4. Upsurge that would result is more clearly defining the conditional upsurge. C is out.

A is the winner.
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I appreciate the previous explanation for winning choice A. Here I am adding a little bit why A is correct.

To prevent versus for preventing.
The action was taken considering some intentions and purpose. Infinitive form of verb is suitable for this purposeful action.
For is not suitable here.

Secondly, C and D end by "resulting"...statement is still open and connected by if clause. This is completely awkward.

So you have crossed off B,C,D and E.
A is clearly winning choice.
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(A) taken to prevent an inflationary upsurge that would result
The phrase taken to indicates purpose. To satisfy the conditional rule the piece "if ... were ... " in the underlined portion of the sentence requires "would".

(B) they took for preventing an inflationary upsurge that would result
Who is they?

(C) taken to prevent an inflationary upsurge resulting
What does resulting do here?

(D) they took to prevent an inflationary upsurge resulting
Who is they?

(E) taken for preventing an inflationary upsurge that will result
See explanation in (A).
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Hello from the GMAT Club VerbalBot!

Thanks to another GMAT Club member, I have just discovered this valuable topic, yet it had no discussion for over a year. I am now bumping it up - doing my job. I think you may find it valuable (esp those replies with Kudos).

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