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Markers in Parallelism

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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   23 Dec 2013, 14:37
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ankurjohar wrote:
Hello Team,

I am able to eliminate all wrong choices and left with A and D as the contender option:

Eliminated A because it says

Scientists are now able to create
retaining
altering
and adding

1. list is not parallel
2. marker list is starting with 'ing' modifier, i felt it means because of retaining X, scientists are able to create. Which is again not the intended meaning of the sentence. Hence, incorrect.

Can you please tell the right answer and please explain what is wrong in my elimination process.

Regards,
Ankur



Hi Ankur,

The detailed solution to this question has been posted just a few posts above. Please refer to that post for any further clarification.

Hope this helps. :-)
Wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   24 Dec 2013, 18:17
Hi Shraddha,

Thanks for awesome articles - this article and many others - that you and e-gmat team have posted. Now coming to my doubt about the questions:

Q1 - I chose A. I discarded B, because I thought "grayed and white bones" change the meaning. Grayed - past participle - implies bones have been greyed by something or someone. The original statement, however, never says that. I later realized - only after reading the explanation that shined is wrong too. Please clarify, if the 2nd statement were -

[color=#003471]grayed and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps

- would it be correct?[/color]

PS: Additional question - not related to original question - Is my if then construction in the sentence above is right(red colored)?

Q2 - I chose C, but I am confused between A & C. Do we necessarily need "did" in this sentence. The sentence says -

Researchers from the XYZ notified about something to the FDA earlier than researchers from the ABC.

I think above sentence can only mean - Researchers from XYZ notified earlier than Researchers from the ABC - and not researchers from XYZ notified to FDA earlier than to researchers from the ABC. IMO - to imply the 2nd meaning use of "to" is necessary after "earlier than." Although I understand C is better, I am not sure whether A is wrong."

Thanks in advance..........

egmat wrote:
prep wrote:
1. A male bowerbird uses just about anything ̶ gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps ̶ to decorate his courtyard to attract a female.

A. gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps - shining is not parallel to discarded. The former is a present participle and the latter, past participle.
B. grayed and white bones, shined pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps - shined/discarded and grayed - all past participles behaving as adjectives
C. graying and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarding plastic figurines and bottle caps - discarding distorts meaning
D. gray and white bones, shiny pebbles, and discarding plastic figurines and bottle caps - discarding distorts meaning


Hi @prep,

Your analysis for the second question is absolutely perfect. However, you have not selected the correct answer for the first one.

Choice B is not the correct answer of the first question. The correct answer is A.

A. gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps: Correct. Notice that all the entities are noun phrases. They all start with adjective followed by a noun. Yes, all the adjectives are different in structure – “gray” and “white” are colors, “shining” has “ing” construction, and “discarded” ends with “ed”. But all these three entities are adjectives because all these three expressions modify their following nouns. Hence, despite being different in structure, all these noun entities are parallel to each other because all the starting words act as adjectives, no matter what form they are in.

B. grayed and white bones, shined pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps: Incorrect. “shining” is the correct adjective to precede a noun entity.

Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   07 Dec 2015, 07:50
egmat wrote:
prep wrote:
1. A male bowerbird uses just about anything ̶ gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps ̶ to decorate his courtyard to attract a female.

A. gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps - shining is not parallel to discarded. The former is a present participle and the latter, past participle.
B. grayed and white bones, shined pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps - shined/discarded and grayed - all past participles behaving as adjectives
C. graying and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarding plastic figurines and bottle caps - discarding distorts meaning
D. gray and white bones, shiny pebbles, and discarding plastic figurines and bottle caps - discarding distorts meaning


Hi prep,

Your analysis for the second question is absolutely perfect. However, you have not selected the correct answer for the first one.

Choice B is not the correct answer of the first question. The correct answer is A.

A. gray and white bones, shining pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps: Correct. Notice that all the entities are noun phrases. They all start with adjective followed by a noun. Yes, all the adjectives are different in structure – “gray” and “white” are colors, “shining” has “ing” construction, and “discarded” ends with “ed”. But all these three entities are adjectives because all these three expressions modify their following nouns. Hence, despite being different in structure, all these noun entities are parallel to each other because all the starting words act as adjectives, no matter what form they are in.

B. grayed and white bones, shined pebbles, and discarded plastic figurines and bottle caps: Incorrect. “shining” is the correct adjective to precede a noun entity.

Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha



I skimmed over the meaning part and hit parallelism, but you pulled me into the meaning! This is a good question for the hasty and impatient ones like me!
Thanks Shraddha!
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   02 Feb 2016, 22:13
Hi,

There's one error here.

Between ... and... is not necessarily a dual word thing

Quoting from GMATClub grammar book

"Business negotiations between the governments of the United States, China and South America are going well despite cultural differences."

So whenever we are talking about 2 or more proper nouns, we can use between.

Please add this exception to your (otherwise excellent) post.
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Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   03 Feb 2016, 06:45
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arirux92 wrote:
Hi,

There's one error here.

Between ... and... is not necessarily a dual word thing

Quoting from GMATClub grammar book

"Business negotiations between the governments of the United States, China and South America are going well despite cultural differences."

So whenever we are talking about 2 or more proper nouns, we can use between.

Please add this exception to your (otherwise excellent) post.


Yes arirux92, I agree with your point to an extent. The general rule is as follows:

Use between, when distinct objects ( may be 2 or more) are referred to - I may select any one between strawberry,chocolate or vanilla flavor.

Use among, when a group as a whole is referred to - I may select any one among these flavors.
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   03 Feb 2016, 07:25
arirux92 wrote:
Hi,

There's one error here.

Between ... and... is not necessarily a dual word thing

Quoting from GMATClub grammar book

"Business negotiations between the governments of the United States, China and South America are going well despite cultural differences."

So whenever we are talking about 2 or more proper nouns, we can use between.

Please add this exception to your (otherwise excellent) post.

My understanding was different. Can you give an official example on this? Or are you suggesting that "between" can be used for more than 2 "proper" nouns (but not "common" nouns)?
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   27 Apr 2016, 00:28
Hi E-Gmat team
Thanks for excellent article.
I have basic question

Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or to communicate and navigate....

This is the correct answer. Can the "to" be outside as well ?
I mean...
Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, defend themselves, or communicate and navigate.

I am always confused awith AND, BUT, OR.
Example - X AND Y. X, Y have to be parallel. But can the common things be taken out or we have to repeat? And where should we break the sentence (at the verb ?)

Thanks
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Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   28 Apr 2016, 11:06
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crescendo85 wrote:
Hi E-Gmat team
Thanks for excellent article.
I have basic question

Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, or to communicate and navigate....

This is the correct answer. Can the "to" be outside as well ?
I mean...
Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, defend themselves, or communicate and navigate.

I am always confused awith AND, BUT, OR.
Example - X AND Y. X, Y have to be parallel. But can the common things be taken out or we have to repeat? And where should we break the sentence (at the verb ?)

Thanks


For the above conjunctions (AND, BUT, OR), it does not matter whether you use the common items once or twice:

For example:

....to [(X) and (Y)]....
....[(to X) and (to Y)].....

Both would be correct.

In the first case the parallel items are X and Y - to is outside parallelism.
In the second case the parallel items are to X and to Y - to is inside parallelism.
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   21 Apr 2020, 16:29
Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power either to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, also for communicating and navigating.

is still the sentence communicating the same--The sentence clearly communicates that the many species of fish generate electric currents for one of the listed functions.find and attack prey, to defend themselves, also for communicating and navigating.if yes then what is the significance of "or"
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   22 Apr 2020, 01:57
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anshulmangal wrote:
Hundreds of species of fish generate and discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power either to find and attack prey, to defend themselves, also for communicating and navigating.

Not a correct sentence Anshul; with either, I would expect an or.
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   19 Sep 2020, 04:21
egmat wrote:
Hi Folks,

This question is fresh from the oven. Try it out.

Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding new genes that will introduce unique characteristics.

A. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding

B. Because the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering of the genes that is responsible for currently known major diseases, and addition of

C. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add

D. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases and add

E. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction and retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add



I am having trouble understanding the structure of the sentence. Doesn't the list starts with "create super humans through genetic reproduction" ?
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   11 Nov 2020, 07:00
egmat

Thanks for this amazing article. May I ask if "while" can be considered a parallelism and comparison marker?

P.S: e-Gmat student here :)
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   13 Nov 2020, 04:54
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TargetMBA007 wrote:
May I ask if "while" can be considered a parallelism and comparison marker?

Hi TargetMBA007, while is not a comparison marker; it is a subordinating conjunction (that usually marks the start of a dependent clause).
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   16 Nov 2020, 01:04
From the context of the sentence, we know that the author is talking about two types of bones - white and gray. He's only talking about the color of the bones. We keep identical parallel entities in the list here.
Thanks so much. :)
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   17 Nov 2020, 04:06
Scientists were able to do four things,
1) Create
2)retain
3)alter
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   24 Jun 2021, 08:19
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priyamitra wrote:
egmat wrote:
Hi Folks,

This question is fresh from the oven. Try it out.

Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding new genes that will introduce unique characteristics.

A. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding

B. Because the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering of the genes that is responsible for currently known major diseases, and addition of

C. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add

D. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases and add

E. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction and retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add



I am having trouble understanding the structure of the sentence. Doesn't the list starts with "create super humans through genetic reproduction" ?



Hello priyamitra,

Thank you for the question. :-)

The three comma + verb-ing modifiers make the list in this sentence. So, the list contains:

    1. retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation,
    2. altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and
    3. adding new genes that will introduce unique characteristics


You can review the complete solution of this question here: https://gmatclub.com/forum/markers-in-parallelism-139076-20.html#p1259882


Hope this helps. :-)
Thanks.
Shraddha
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Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   04 Jul 2021, 09:23
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GMATNinja

I would be really grateful if you may explain the following or guide me to an article, which can address my concern-

''Hundreds of species of fish generate & discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, to defend themselves or also for communicating and navigating.''

I understand the intended meaning but I am not able to logically explain myself how 'to find' , 'to defend' and 'for communicating' are parallel to each other. If I remember your video on Parallelism correctly, in the fifth question the term 'prepositional phrase' has been for 'to maintain' and 'for subsidizing'. ' For subsidizing' I can understand it is a prepositional phrase but how can 'to + infinitive' be a prepositional phrase. To + gerund can be a prepositional phrase but I am missing some link definitely in seeing 'to + infinitive' as prepositional phrase. I am not concerned with the correct jargon, I will be thankful if you may just explain or guide me how 'to+ infinitive' is parallel to 'preposition + noun/pronoun'

P.S. Your videos are awesome and thank you so very much for explaining the concepts so nicely. I have seen your seven videos in the last three days and I could apply the learnings in the questions and see the result.
For others- GMATNinja Live Tips Season 1- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=P ... 8IfJaZ8qNG
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   11 Jul 2021, 07:55
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duttan wrote:
GMATNinja

I would be really grateful if you may explain the following or guide me to an article, which can address my concern-

''Hundreds of species of fish generate & discharge electric currents, in bursts or as steady electric fields around their bodies, using their power to find and attack prey, to defend themselves or also for communicating and navigating.''

I understand the intended meaning but I am not able to logically explain myself how 'to find' , 'to defend' and 'for communicating' are parallel to each other. If I remember your video on Parallelism correctly, in the fifth question the term 'prepositional phrase' has been for 'to maintain' and 'for subsidizing'. ' For subsidizing' I can understand it is a prepositional phrase but how can 'to + infinitive' be a prepositional phrase. To + gerund can be a prepositional phrase but I am missing some link definitely in seeing 'to + infinitive' as prepositional phrase. I am not concerned with the correct jargon, I will be thankful if you may just explain or guide me how 'to+ infinitive' is parallel to 'preposition + noun/pronoun'

P.S. Your videos are awesome and thank you so very much for explaining the concepts so nicely. I have seen your seven videos in the last three days and I could apply the learnings in the questions and see the result.
For others- GMATNinja Live Tips Season 1- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=P ... 8IfJaZ8qNG

Thank you so much for the kind words! Glad that the videos have helped a bit.

Here's some good news: you don't have to agonize about why "to find," "to defend," and "for communicating," are parallel. They're not! You're absolutely right that the first two are infinitive verb phrases and the last is a prepositional phrase. The construction you referenced shows up as one of the incorrect options. The correct answer fixes this issue.

Take another look at the thread analyzing this problem, and let us know if you have more questions!
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Re: Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   11 Jul 2021, 22:39
Great article!

Parallelism is one of those really essential rules that quickly distinguish an expert's English from a novice's. That's why it is so important not just from a GMAT perspective but also for anyone who intends to speak and write good English.

Kudos!
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Markers in Parallelism [#permalink] New post   29 Sep 2021, 06:27
egmat wrote:
Hi Folks,

This question is fresh from the oven. Try it out.

Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding new genes that will introduce unique characteristics.

A. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and adding

B. Because the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering of the genes that is responsible for currently known major diseases, and addition of

C. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add

D. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases and add

E. Due to the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction and retain the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add


VeritasKarishma
egmat
in option c though the meaning would change, the sentence itself is grammatically correct.

C. Because of the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, alter the genes that are responsible for currently known major diseases, and add

retaining.... became ed modifier for the previous clause,

alter the genes.... and add.. became verbs for showing the action done by the scientists.

And in option b the only mistakes that are there

B. Because the recent developments in genetic replication and cloning, scientists are now able to create super humans through genetic reproduction, retaining the most efficient genes of the current generation, altering of the genes that is responsible for currently known major diseases, and addition of

1. altering of genes that are
2. and add

Please let me know if I am wrong
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