By the mid-nineteenth century, the conviction of early nineteenth-cent

Answer: 1 C; 2 D; 3 D; 4 B; 5 B; 6 B; 7 C; 8 E

1. According to the passage, those (critics) critical of Romantic poets and painters contended that the works of these artists

(A) were too thoroughly influenced by empiricism - infact the artists were convinced that imagination leads to reality - incorrect

(B) ignored the evidence of objective reality provided by photographs - work of these artists were based on imagination/creativity - incorrect


(C) presented a false representation of reality - correct. The work of these artists were based on imagination/creativity and not on their experience/empiricism.

(D) failed to consider social reality - not true - as the artists never made an effort to consider social reality

(E) made no attempt to depict nature - incorrect - as the artists depicted nature based on their imagination/creativity.

Question 2

2. It can be inferred that, in presenting an account of nineteenth-century thought, the author of the passage assumes which of the following?

Since the author describes about the artists (Romantic poets and painters), novelists, opera and drama/verismo opera and how they depicted their imaginative work or attempted to depict the social reality - while doing so he assumes that the trends in a particular artistic/intellectual area can be often related to trends in other areas. Option D is correct.

(A) Philosophers and Historians in a given period directly influence the work of Painters and Novelists of that period. Since, the assumption should support the author's idea/conclusion, no information about the P&Hs direct influence on the work of P&Ns is given. Incorrect

(B) Artists in any area of the creative arts imitate other artists in their area. - Again as discussed above, no evidence is given in the passage - incorrect

(C) Realist artists are generally less sophisticated than are Romantic artists. seems irrelevant.

(D) Trends in a particular artistic or intellectual area can often be related to concurrent trends in other areas. - Correct as explained above.

(E) The nineteenth century was radically different from the preceding century. - irrelevant.

Question 3

3. The changes in mid-nineteenth century artistic expression, as they are described in the passage, would have been LEAST likely to result in which of the following?

Here, we need to eliminate an option which is likely to result due to the changes (rapid changes in photography) in mid-nineteenth century artistic expression. Since photography depicted reality - we need to eliminate such answer choices

(A) An opera about the struggles of a group of young artists in Paris -depicts reality - eliminate

(B) A drama about the unhappy marriage of an American woman and a European man -depicts reality - eliminate

(C) A novel about the short-lived revolt of a group of coal miners in Wales - depicts reality - eliminate

(D) A painting depicting the triumph in battle of a mythical Greek hero' - is based on imagination of the artist - Correct

(E) A painting of a street market in London-depicts reality - eliminate

Question 4

4. According to the passage, which of the following was one of the tenets held by Romantic artists?

The Romantic artists were convinced that imagination leads to reality and the work of these artists were based on imagination/creativity. So B is the answer.

(A) Nature is best understood by the patient examination of small details - not true as Romantic artists' work was based on imagination.

(B Reality is constituted by the action of the human mind. - Correct

(C) The function of art is to mirror social reality. - opposite to what the Romantic artists believed - incorrect

(D) The-most important quality of any piece of art is the extravagance of its style. - not true - no such information is given in the passage

(E) The form of art must express the function of its elements. - seems out of context.

Question 5

5. According to the passage, Ruskin recommended that painters concern themselves with

After the rapid changes in photography, the Painters depicted more of surface detail(reality) than the imaginative ideas, which art critic John Ruskin had held before than as a goal. Option B is correct.

(A) maintaining the independence of the imagination - JR doesn't recommend the painters to maintain the independence of the imagination - incorrect

(B) the representation of ideas - correct

(C) accurate depiction of surface detail - JR doesn't recommend the painters to depict more of reality - incorrect

(D) human activities - JR doesn't recommend the painters to depict more of human activities/reality - incorrect

(E) the presentation of moral dilemmas - JR doesn't recommend the painters to depict more of social reality - incorrect

Question 6

6. The author's use of the word "mindless" (Highlighted) implies that he believes that which of the following is true of mid-nineteenth-century views of photography?

(A) The photographer was regarded as a creative artist. not true. its not the photographer but about the photograph.

(B) A photograph's content was regarded as completely uninfluenced by the photographer. Since the photographs depicted the reality which was not influenced in anyway by the imagination, so this option is correct.

(C) It was believed that photographs could not be analyzed in the way paintings could. This was not the view on photography.

(D) Technique was assumed to be less artistic in photography than in painting. This was not the view on photography.

(E) It was believed that the relative accuracy of paintings and photographs should not be compared. opposite - the painters compared their work to photographs and tried to depict the same (as if ashamed of the precision of photographs) in their work. incorrect.

Question 7

7. The passage implies by the phrase "to mirror social reality" that mid-nineteenth-century painters attempted to

The painters, as if ashamed of the precision of the photographic images, began to paint more of accurate surface detail. Thus, art once again turned from the lamp within toward the skills required to mirror social reality - points to option C.

(A) depict the truth of character behind the mask of physical appearance - truth of character is again what the artists perceive about the physical appearance - that is based on imagination - incorrect

(B) convey their own unique vision of people in social settings - again this option indicates use of imagination- incorrect

(C) reproduce faithfully what they saw around them - correct

(D) concentrate primarily on the refinement of technique - not relevant
(E) intensify their imaginative visions by exaggerating surface detail - again this option amplifies the use of imagination- incorrect

Question 8

8. The author refers to Dickens (Text in Red) to illustrate which of the following?

(A) The degree to which nineteenth-century novelists wished to disassociate themselves from their predecessors - to some extent true - but the main reason is to prove that their work is more realistic/mirrors the society. - incorrect

(B) The excessive faithfulness to detail that characterized Dickens' work - not true - no support is presented to conclude the same

(C) The manner in which the development of photography influenced even nongraphic art - to some extent true - but again not the main reason

(D) The unbroken connection between positivist philosophers and the major novelists of the nineteenth century - not relevant

(E) The extent to which nineteenth-century novelists wished to have their work defined as realistic - correct - the author refers to Dickens work mainly to prove that his work is more realistic.