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For a value of Y between 6.28 and 65.91, the value of M1 will be less than M2. For any other value Y, the value of M1 is more than the value of M2. ­

Option E
 
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Hi Gmatophobi,

Can you explain how did we come to this conclusion with the inequality - "Hence, we can conclude that the inequality holds true only for a certain value of
[ltr]yy". I have got the same inequalities but have a hard time making decisions on C vs. E. [/ltr]
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edwin.que
The value of Machine 1 depreciates x% per year and the value of Machine 2 depreciates y% each year. Will the value of Machine 1 be greater than the value of Machine 2 in 10 years?

(1) The current value of Machine 1 is twice the current value of Machine 2.

(2) x = 2y


  • Value of Machine 1 = \(v_1\)
  • Value of Machine 2 = \(v_2\)

  • Rate of depreciation of Machine 1 = \(x%\)
  • Rate of depriciation of Machine 2 = \(y%\)

  • Value of depreciation of Machine 1 after 10 years = \(v_1*[1-\frac{x}{100}]^{10}\)
  • Rate of depriciation of Machine 2 = \(v_2*[1-\frac{y}{100}]^{10}\)

Question

\(v_1*[1-\frac{x}{100}]^{10} > v_2*[1-\frac{y}{100}]^{10}\)

Statement 1 and Statement 2 are not sufficient as both the statement gives us information of only one parameter. Statement 1 provides us with the information that \(v_1 = 2v_2\) and doesn't provide us with any relationship between \(x\) and \(y\). While Statement 2, provides us information between \(x\) and \(y\), it doesn't provide us information about \(v_1\) and \(v_2\). Hence, the statements individually are not sufficient and we can eliminate A, B, and D.

Combined

From Statement 1 and Statement 2 we know that -

  • v_1 = 2v_1
  • x = 2y

\(v_1*[1-\frac{x}{100}]^{10} > v_2*[1-\frac{y}{100}]^{10}\)

\(2v_2*[1-\frac{2y}{100}]^{10} > v_2*[1-\frac{y}{100}]^{10}\)

Dividing both sides by \(v_2\) we get,

\(2*[1-\frac{2y}{100}]^{10} > [1-\frac{y}{100}]^{10}\)

Simplifying we get -

\((\frac{100-2y}{100-y})^{10} > \frac{1}{2}\)

Hence, we can conclude that the inequality holds true only for a certain value of \(y\).

As we have no information on the value of \(y\), the statements combined are not sufficient.

Option E
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Inequality: [(100-y)/(100-2y)]^10 < 2

Think of it this way, if y is infinitesimally small such that y -> 0, then the LHS of the inequality will become 1. We can be assured that the closer the value of y is to 0, say y = 0.1% this inequality holds. Hence, the answer would be yes. However, for greater values of y (for eg, put y = 30), LHS becomes (7/4)^10 which is clearly greater than 2. Answer in this case would be no.

Hence, (E).
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Hi Gmatophobi,

Can you explain how did we come to this conclusion with the inequality - "Hence, we can conclude that the inequality holds true only for a certain value of
[ltr]yy". I have got the same inequalities but have a hard time making decisions on C vs. E. [/ltr]

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KarishmaB

How did you infer this part? I ended up confirming it by substituting random numbers, but I almost chose C as the answer because I thought we'd have all the information.

Using both, now we know that current value of machine 1 is twice that of machine 2 and rate of dep of machine 1 is also twice that of machine 2.
Say if the rate is very small - say x = 1% and y = 0.5%, then both values will decrease by a small amount and value of machine 1 will stay higher.
But if the rate is large - say x = almost 100% and y = almost 50%, then value of machine 1 becomes negligible while machine 2 will still have some value.

Hence we can still not say which machine will have higher value after 10 years.

KarishmaB



Question: Is value of Machine 1 > value of Machine 2 in 10 years?

Value in 10 years depends on current value and the rate of depreciation. Depreciation is like negative compound interest.

(1) The current value of Machine 1 is twice the current value of Machine 2.

Current value of machine 1 is double of current value of machine 2. So we can easily visualize that after 10 years, value of machine 1 could be higher than that of machine 2 (say if their rate of depreciation is similar)
But what if rate of depreciation of machine 1 is 99% and that of machine 2 is 1%. Then after 10 years, value of machine 1 will be a fraction of the value of machine 2.
Hence not sufficient

(2) x = 2y

This tells us that rate of depreciation of machine 1 is twice that of machine 2. But what if current value of machine 1 is 1000 times higher than that of machine 2? Even with the faster rate of depreciation, after 10 years, value of machine 1 may remain higher.

Using both, now we know that current value of machine 1 is twice that of machine 2 and rate of dep of machine 1 is also twice that of machine 2.
Say if the rate is very small - say x = 1% and y = 0.5%, then both values will decrease by a small amount and value of machine 1 will stay higher.
But if the rate is large - say x = almost 100% and y = almost 50%, then value of machine 1 becomes negligible while machine 2 will still have some value.

Hence we can still not say which machine will have higher value after 10 years.

Answer (E)
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With practice, you learn how numbers behave.

Since its depreciation, i.e. negative compound interest, I know that if I start with a smaller principal and put it at a higher rate of interest, at some point, the amount will become equal to the amount obtained when a larger principal is invested at a smaller rate of interest. At some point, the extra rate of interest will overtake the advantage of larger principal. It will take a long time if the rates of interest are small values such as 1% and 2% but it will take very little time when rates of interest are large values such as 40% and 80%.

Similarly then. for depreciation also, if rate is very small, then both values will decrease by a small amount and value of machine 1 will stay higher in 10 years. After many years, it will become smaller but since we have an outlook of 10 years given to us, we know that with sufficiently small interest rates, value of machine 1 will continue to stay higher.




eaat
KarishmaB

How did you infer this part? I ended up confirming it by substituting random numbers, but I almost chose C as the answer because I thought we'd have all the information.

Using both, now we know that current value of machine 1 is twice that of machine 2 and rate of dep of machine 1 is also twice that of machine 2.
Say if the rate is very small - say x = 1% and y = 0.5%, then both values will decrease by a small amount and value of machine 1 will stay higher.
But if the rate is large - say x = almost 100% and y = almost 50%, then value of machine 1 becomes negligible while machine 2 will still have some value.

Hence we can still not say which machine will have higher value after 10 years.


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