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I think this is a high-quality question and the explanation isn't clear enough, please elaborate. in the question , The sentence after for example :

'a current climb in the cost of court reporting has forced many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.'
is an example which is showing the effect of current climb in the cost of court reporting. since its an example it must show a phenomena which has happened.the impact has happened.
A current climb forces attornies to raise will mean when climb in cost happens attorneys are forced to raise hourly rate.
option A meaning as deduced by me -
the climb in cost happened and hence attornies are forced to raise hourly rates.How is it wrong

The important word here is "current". The climb is current, i.e. in the present; therefore effect of the "climb" can either be in present or in future. Thus " forces", "is forcing" or "will force" are three possible verbs that can be used to describe the effect of the current climb. Usage of past perfect implies that the many attorneys were "forced" in the past (though the effect is still there- hence present perfect). This is not the correct form since current climb could NOT have forced the attorneys in the past.
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Official Solution:

In most industries the rising cost of support services actually passes a greater financial burden to customers; in the legal profession, for example, a current climb in the cost of court reporting has forced many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.

A. has forced many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.
B. has made many attorneys raise their hourly rates.
C. has meant that many attorneys are being forced to raise their hourly rates.
D. forces many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.
E. is meaning that many attorneys are raising their hourly rates by force.

  1. The present perfect tense has forced does not take into account the fact that the rising costs are a current trend.
  2. Has made incorrectly uses the past tense; the phrase is also both informal and imprecise.
  3. Has meant incorrectly uses the past tense. Has meant and are being forced use inconsistent verb tenses, and are unnecessary phrases.
  4. The word 'forces' is correctly used.
  5. By force is a misplaced modifier that confuses the meaning of the sentence; is meaning is an imprecise phrase.

Answer: D



THIS IS ABSOLUTELY WRONG!!!

Reference - Q280 OG Verbal Review 2021
:please:

The correct answer is using present perfect "HAS REDUCED" with the word "CURRENT economic downturn"

bb Bunuel generis Please do not misguide students by posting anything that is NOT true... :please: :please:
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Bunuel
Official Solution:

In most industries the rising cost of support services actually passes a greater financial burden to customers; in the legal profession, for example, a current climb in the cost of court reporting has forced many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.

A. has forced many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.
B. has made many attorneys raise their hourly rates.
C. has meant that many attorneys are being forced to raise their hourly rates.
D. forces many attorneys to raise their hourly rates.
E. is meaning that many attorneys are raising their hourly rates by force.

  1. The present perfect tense has forced does not take into account the fact that the rising costs are a current trend.
  2. Has made incorrectly uses the past tense; the phrase is also both informal and imprecise.
  3. Has meant incorrectly uses the past tense. Has meant and are being forced use inconsistent verb tenses, and are unnecessary phrases.
  4. The word 'forces' is correctly used.
  5. By force is a misplaced modifier that confuses the meaning of the sentence; is meaning is an imprecise phrase.

Answer: D



THIS IS ABSOLUTELY WRONG!!!

Reference - Q280 OG Verbal Review 2021
:please:

The correct answer is using present perfect "HAS REDUCED" with the word "CURRENT economic downturn"

bb Bunuel generis Please do not misguide students by posting anything that is NOT true... :please: :please:

The task in the GMAT tests is to find the "most effective sentence" or the best answer of the given choics. In the above mentioned official guide question, there is no option in which a simple present is used. Therefore it cannot be concluded that present perfect "has reduced" is better than simple present "reduces". It is still not known what the OA would be, if there were an option with simple present "reduces", given the rest of the construction were identical to OA.

Now coming back to the GMATclub tests question V02-35, I would consider simple present a more logical choice than present perfect because of the following reason:
The climb is current, i.e. in the present; therefore effect of the "climb" can either be in present or in future. Usage of past perfect implies that the many attorneys were "forced" in the past, though the effect is still there (hence present perfect: present perfect is used when the event has already happened, but its effect is still present). On the other hand simple present "forces" implies that the attorneys are forced nowadays. Therefore simple present "forces" would be more logical than present perfect "has forced", since the former is more "present" than the latter.

At the same time, it would not be sensible to eliminate an answer on the basis of a construction that appears in the OA of an official guide question. Hence the subject question will shortly be reviewed and revised by the experts in the light of the above mentioned official guide OA.
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Bunuel
In most industries the rising cost of support services actually passes a great financial burden to customers; in the legal profession, for example, a recent change in procedure of court reporting forced many attorneys to hire additional support, which in turn raised their fees.

A. forced many attorneys to hire additional support, which in turn raised their fees
B. has forced many attorneys in hiring additional support, which in turn has raised their fees
C. forced many attorneys in hiring additional support, and the result was a rise in their fees
D. has forced many attorneys to hire additional support, in turn raising their fees
E. has forced many attorneys on hiring additional support, in turn causing a rise in their fees

The question has been revised and edited. Thank you sayantanc2k !!!
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