In 1776 Adam Smith wrote that it is young people who have “the contemp

Thanks a Lot Shraddha for the detailed explanation why A is correct. Would you please elaborate the reasons why B & C are incorrect ?

Thanks

In 1776 Adam Smith wrote that it is young people who have “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success” needed to found new businesses.

(A) who have

(B) with
(C) having

(D) who are those with
(E) who are the ones to have

Hello experts!

Within answer choice C, does it mean young people continually possess "the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success"? I'm also unsure how "having" modifies the whole clause before it - "Adam S. wrote that is young people HAVING [X] needed to found new businesses." Adam S. wrote that some younger people continually possess two types of mentality needed to found new businesses.

Please help clarify this doubt. Thank you in advance!

Hi, can you please tell me what is the verb for people in option A?
Thanks,
MK

AjiteshArun this one

Im between A and D. Whats wrong with D? Isnt D less ambiguous than A?

I mean:

A says "Young people who have it"
D says "Young people who are those that have it"

D meaning ONLY young people have it. A could mean the same thing, BUT A could also imply that "only those of the young people that have it" and not all young people. To get rid of the interpretation that the sentence might actually continue after it is ended, D is least ambiguous.

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Hi I have one question. Why isn't comma required before "WHO HAVE". I think you also need comma before WHO. Correct me if I am wrong.

GMATNinja please could you tell me why (E) is incorrect? Is it just because of concision? Or is there any real grammar or meaning error?

In 1776 Adam Smith wrote that it is young people who are the ones to have “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success” needed to found new businesses.

needed here mean "required"

is that correct?

Hi Experts GMATNinja GMATNinjaTwo egmat

Can you please elaborate on active vs passive voice in (A) emphasizing why needed is a verb-ed modifier? I think doer - young people makes sense with verb needed .

To take a simple example:
I lifted the box active
The box was lifted by me passive

What is incorrect with option (E) ?

Hi NandishSS, rather than looking at a grammar-heavy solution, it often helps if we just simplify the sentence a bit.

So, let's just see which of the following sentences you would pick:

(i) it is hard-working people with most chance to succeed on GMAT.
(ii) it is hard-working people having most chance to succeed on GMAT.
(iii) it is hard-working people who have most chance to succeed on GMAT.

Hopefully you would pick iii).

This is exactly the same structure used in the sentence under consideration. Hence, option A is the right choice.

Options D and E, at the very least, lose out on concision.

(ii) it is hard-working people having most chance to succeed on GMAT.

Hello goforgmat,

I will be glad to help you out with this one.

In 1776 Adam Smith wrote that it is young people who have “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success” needed to found new businesses.

Let's first understand the meaning of this sentence. The sentence intends to say that Adam Smith wrote something in 1776. What did he write?

He wrote that young people possess two qualities (if I may): “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success”. What is the significance of these two qualities.

These two qualities are required to found = establish new businesses.

Now let's come to the grammar part of it.

In the above-mentioned sentence, the subjects are highlighted in blue while the verbs are in green. All the subjects have appropriate verbs.

Please note that the word needed is a verb-ed modifier that further explains “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success”.

We do not need anymore verbs in the sentence as there are no subjects with missing verbs.

We may expand this sentence as In 1776 Adam Smith wrote that it is young people who have “the contempt of risk and the presumptuous hope of success” that are needed to found new businesses.

The added that clause is just the expanded version of the original sentence. We actually derive verb-ed modifiers in this way by removing the subject and the helping verb.

You can read our very famous article named ED FORMS - Verbs or Modifiers to learn how to distinguish between a verb-ed modifier and a simple past tense verb in the following link:
https://gmatclub.com/forum/ed-forms-verbs-or-modifiers-134691.html


Hope this helps.
Thanks.
Shraddha