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Q2:
D-In the final analysis, it appears that government welfare payments, to the extent that the cost of marriage is lowered, encourage the formation of low income families - Can someone explain why it is wrong?

Q5:How to solve this type of question - I choose D for the reason that there was no scientific under consideration.
The tone of the passage can best be described as

(A) confident and optimistic
(B) scientific and detached
(C) discouraged and alarmed
(D) polite and sensitive
(E) callous and indifferent

Thanks

Official Explanation

2. Which of the following would provide the most logical continuation of the final paragraph?

Difficulty Level: 750

Explanation

As we noted above, the author argues that it is not the restrictions on aid that create pressures on low-income families; it is the aid itself. We can apply this reasoning to answer this question. The analysis in the text can be used to predict that an increase in the availability of aid would tend to increase pressures on the family unit.

Thus, reducing restrictions, because it would result in an increase in aid availability, would actually tend to create more pressure for divorce. This would have the exact opposite effect predicted by those who call for welfare reforms such as eliminating restrictions. (A) is nice also because of the word “paradoxically,” which opens the statement, for the result would be paradoxical from the standpoint of the reformer.

(C) and (D) can be eliminated because they are contradicted by the analysis given in the passage.

(B) is eliminated because the author never addresses questions of fiscal policy.

Finally, (E) goes too far in two respects. First, it overstates the author’s case. The author does not suggest that the only factor operating in the dissolution of low-income families is welfare, and therefore, would not likely suggest that the problem could be entirely controlled by manipulating benefit levels.

Further, it is not clear that the author advocates any particular policy. The scholarly tone of the article suggests that the author may or may not believe public policy on welfare should take into account the problem of divorce.

The correct answer is (A).

5. The tone of the passage can best be described as

Difficulty Level: 650

Explanation

As we have just noted, the scholarly treatment of the passage is best described as scientific and detached. As for (A), though the author may be confident, there is no hint of optimism.

(C) can be eliminated for a similar reason: There is no hint of alarm or discouragement.

As for (D), to the extent that it can be argued that the author’s treatment is scholarly, and therefore polite and sensitive,

(B) is a better description of the overall tone. The defining elements of a scholarly treatment are those set forth in (B).

Those elements suggested by (D) would be merely incidental to, and parasitic upon, the main features of scientific neutrality and detachment.

Finally, though the author’s treatment is detached, it would be wrong to say that the author is callous and indifferent—any more than we would want to say that the doctor who analyzes the causes of a disease in clinical terms is therefore callous and indifferent.

The correct answer is (B).

Hope it helps
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Please explain q3 and q6?
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gaurav2m

Please explain q3 and q6?

Official Explanation

3. All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT

Difficulty Level: 700

Explanation

This is an explicit idea question. In discussing the costs of divorce in the third paragraph (costs meaning both economic and social costs), the author mentions (A), (C), and (D) as encouraging people to stay married. Earlier in that same paragraph, the author mentions consumption possibilities as a factor tending to hold a marriage together. (B) is never mentioned in this respect.

Although primarily interested in low-income family stability, the author never states that social or economic class is a factor in perpetuating a marriage. And to the extent that one mounts an argument to the effect that the pressures described in paragraph three (costs of divorce and greater consumption possibilities) would naturally tend to operate more powerfully for lower-income families, the author is applying that reasoning to a new situation. So that argument, since it is new, cannot be a factor mentioned by the author in this passage and cannot, therefore, be an answer to the question asked.

The correct answer is (B).

6. With which of the following statements about marriage would the author most likely agree?

Difficulty Level: 550

Explanation

With an application question of this sort, we must be careful not to overstate the strength of the author’s case. This is the reason (D) is incorrect. Though the author points out that there are economic pressures on families that tend to encourage divorce, it would go beyond that analysis to attribute to the author the statement in choice (D).

(E), too, overstates the case. Though the author prefers to analyze family stability primarily in economic terms, the text will not support the judgment that people are getting more self centered. If anything, a rising divorce rate would be analyzed by the author in broad social and economic terms, rather than in personal terms, as suggested by (E).

(B) is incorrect because it takes us too far beyond the analysis given in paragraph three. While it is conceivable that further analysis would generate the conclusion in (B), (A) is much closer to the actual text. This is not to say that (B) is necessarily a false statement. Rather, this is to accept the structure of the question: Would the author most likely agree.

Finally, (C) attributes to the author a value judgment that has no support in the text.

The correct answer is (A).

Hope it helps
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