Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a larg

The meaning of the original sentence:

A large caterpillar is consumed by millions of Africans
A large caterpillar resembles silkworms

How to conflate these two pieces of information with the help of and?

A large caterpillar modifier1 and modifier2. Both modifiers must be of the same structure for the sake of parallelism. With that in mind, let’s analyze answer choices.


A. a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms

Structure: A large caterpillar adjective and that clause. A correct parallelism will require that both elements of and be either adjective or that clause. For example:

A largecaterpillar adjective and adjective or A large caterpillar that clause and (that) clause. A is out since mixes these structures.


C. a large caterpillar that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms, are often canned

C has a correct parallelism: a large caterpillar that clause and that clause. However, a large caterpillar... that are often canned contains a subject-verb disagreement. Thus C is out.


D. a large caterpillar that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms

Structure: A large caterpillar relative pronoun and personal pronoun. We can see that these pronouns are not parallel. A correct parallelism would be:

a large caterpillar that clause and (that) clause. As for it, we can’t use it here as a part of appositive, otherwise the sentence will have two subjects: a large caterpillar it resembles... This is a faulty construction because we need one subject, either caterpillar or it, but not both.


E. a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms, are often canned

This contsruction has two blatant errors. Firstly, as in A, we have a faulty parallelism: a large caterpillar adjective and that clause.
Secondly: a large caterpillar... that are often canned has a subject-verb disagreement. Thus E is out.


B. a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms

Structure: A large caterpillar adjective and adjective. verb+ing and verb+ed can be parallel when both act as adjectives describing the same noun. We can check whether both elements of the parallelism work with the root phrase they are modifying:

A large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans
A large caterpillar resembling silkworms

Since both consumed and resembling are adjectives modifying the same noun, a caterpillar, they are absolutely parallel.

Hence B

Let's get to POE

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms


1. Resembled in past ??


(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms.

Ugly parralelism !!


(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms

That and it !!! Parallelism is fine ,but it is awkward

Keep it for safety


(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms


Ugly parallelism again !!

Now it is between B and D


(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms

Both are parallel , noun pharases

Both are modifoeing perfectly large caterpillar

B is better


B for me

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Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms.....not parallel...Incorrect
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms ....parallel modifiers...Correct
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms...usage of 'resembling" is wrong...Incorrect
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms...not parallel...Incorrect
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms...same as "C"

Ans B

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
parallelism error (wrong)

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
correct parallelism both consumed and resembling are participle and are parallel (correct)

(C) that color is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms, are often
a large caterpillar is singular use of plural verb are is wrong over here ---also there is no verb for the subject the mopane worm (wrong)

(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
parallelism error (wrong)

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
parallelism error ----also there is no verb for the subject the mopane worm (wrong)

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

Structure Analysis:

...The mopane worm... are often canned .....
(I am confused about use of ARE with singular mopane worm, but that decision is not left to us, so I will ignore it)

Options prefixed with X are discarded. Also, is it just me? or the mistakes are difficult to articulate in this question?



X (A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
>> and THAT resembled?? THAT what?? what is that referring to? caterpillar? mopane worm? africa? africans?

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
>> THIS SEEMS CORRECT. consumed and resembling appropriately refers to caterpillar. Does not cause any illogical fragment.

X (C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
>> and THAT, resembling ?? THAT what?? change in position of that does not make it any better. It is still unclear what that is referring to. africans? caterpillar? mopane worm?

X (D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
>> AND IT RESEMBLES is incorrect. resembles (verb) is describing noun. Participle form is appropriate for use as a noun modifier.

X (E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
>> and THAT, resembling ?? THAT what?? change in position of that does not make it any better. It is still unclear what that is referring to. africans? caterpillar? mopane worm?


ANSWER: B

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.




Meaning of the sentence : Mopane worm, which are native to warmer parts of southern africa , . This is a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans . This also resembles silkworms. This mopane worms are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

analysis: Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm (subject 1) , a large caterpillar (noun + modifier) consumed by millions of Africans and that ( subject 2 ) resembled ( verb2) silkworms, are ( verb 1) often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor..

error :
1) subject 2 ie that does not have proper parallel in sentence, which it could possibly connect with .
2) The second clause is supposed to be a modifier, so introducing a clause is unnecessary,

POE

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
as stated above in the error analysis this is wrong

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms

1)In this sentence the consumed and resembling are adjectives ( they are not verbs) . so they are parallel .( verb ed modifier can be parallel to verb ing modifiers)
2) and the improper that is removed along with verb hence this whole unit acts as modifier .
3) It also perfectly conveys meaning without subject verb error that those caterpillars are consumed and also it resembles the silkworms. Then it is followed by the (verb 1) are Bingo this is correct choice


(C)that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
. The that at the beginning is unnecessary before the verb ed modifier here and introduces unnccessary parallelism for the next that . similar to option a. 2) Moreover the other that here forms the subject for the are which continues later . This results in double subject for a single verb are , but the verb is analogous for the subject Mopane worm . Hence this is wrong

.
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
1) the second sentence acts as independent clause without proper punctuation ( two ic has to to connected by , + fanboys) .
2) And there is no necessity to fit that ( an independent clause) inside a modifier. This is not proper structure of ic 2 ic in between an independent clause.
3)Moreover there is no parallelism between these two IC. . This is wrong

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
1)This is similar to c, the second that acts as subject for the verb are. This results in double subject for a single verb are , but the verb is analogous for the subject Mopane worm so two subject issue. here the presence of that here is completely unnecessary. hence this is wrong

So finally, though in the non -underlined part Mopane worm ( singular ) has a plural verb (are) which is also non-underlined. ignoring this as this is in the non- underlined part.
Option B fits our requirement.
So IMO option B is right

IMO correct answer is B

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms - Missing parallelism, before & after AND; either it should be "that consumed" & "that resembled" or consumed & resembled
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms - Correct. - consumed by millions of Africans & resembling silkworms, not always same verb form is required to maintain parallelism, here "resembling silkworms" is used correctly to show the intended meaning of the sentence that the mopane worm is similar in characteristics with silkworms.
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - Comma after that is not correct usage.
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms - "It" does not have an un-ambiguos antecedent, It could either refer to the mopane worm or a large caterpillar
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - Same error as of A.

IMO-B


Meaning Analysis.

Passage is about Mopane Worms::
Mopane worms are native to the warmer parts of SA. [ Modifier ]
Mopane Worms are large caterpillar that are consumed by millions of Africans . [ Modifier ]
Mopane Worms are Large caterpillar resembling silkworms. [ Modifier ]
Mopane worms are often canned in tomato sauce or chilli sauce to enhance flavor.

Error Analysis
Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worms, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms-------Incorrect-----Use of past tense "resembled" is incorrect. MW resembles silkworms and this holds true today so simple present should be used. Correct version should be " consumed by millions of Africans and that resembles Silkworm"

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms----Correct---- The two portion connected by and correctly modify Caterpillar i.e. "a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans" and " a large caterpillar resembling Silkworms". This sentence convey proper meaning.

(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms-------Incorrect----- Two elements connected by and are not parallel. Correct version should be "That is consumed....and that resembles"

(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms-------Incorrect----- Two elements connected by and are not parallel. "That is consumed....and that resembles" is the correct version.

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms---------Incorrect----- This option conveys "a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans"--(Ok) and " A large caterpillar that, resembling Silkworms, are canned"- Verb missing for mopane worm & meaning distorts (Not Ok)

The right time to use POE-method.
We need to justify the use of "are" in the middle of the sentence.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms - out, because in this case "are" will be misused.
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms - correct
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - out, because in this case "are" will be misused.
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms - out, because in this case "are" will be misused.
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - out, because in this case "are" will be misused.

The answer is B

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
non-parallel structure: the relative clause (that resembled) is not parallel to the absolute clause (a large caterpillar consumed)

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
correct parallel structure between two participials :"consumed" & "resembling"

(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms (..,are)
(that is ... and that are) --> clear SV agreement error. the subject "caterpillar" can't be singular and plural at the same time.

(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
non-parallel structure: the relative clause (that is) is not parallel to the independent clause (it resembles)

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms (..,are)
"That" is modifying "a caterpillar" which is singular, so it can't be followed by "that are"
non-parallel structure: the relative clause (that are) is not parallel to the absolute clause (a large caterpillar consumed)
incomplete clause: "the mopane worm" has no verb in this case.

B

(A) Parallel mismatch.
(B) Correct
(C) that doesn't have verb. Comma is wrongly placed. Broken sentence
(D) Parallel mismatch
(E) that doesn't have verb. Comma is wrongly placed. Broken sentence

Correct answer is B.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

Main subject/verb is Mopane Worm.........are often canned... that suggests underlined statement to be a modifier of mopane worm.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
lacks parallelism with consumed and THAT..

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
consumed -> modifies worm...
Worm resembling silkworms -> resembling (present participle) modifies worm

(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
Worm that is consumed...and that ? , resembling ... here second modifier after that is missing to modify Worm... resembling appears to modifier the whole clause -> worm that is consumed, resembling -> which doesn't make sense

(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
Worm that is consumed... and it resembles -> lack of parallelism

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
Worm consumed...and that ? , resembling ... here second modifier after that is missing to modify Worm... resembling appears to modifier the whole clause -> worm that is consumed, resembling -> which doesn't make sense

Based on the answer choices, B is the closest match for modifier parallelism that sentence requires , and is the correct answer!

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms (no antecedant for that)
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms(correct pair of modifiers)
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms (no verb for that)
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms (it is unnecessary)
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms ( same as C)

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Original sentence: Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, is often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
In this choice, the noun large caterpillar is modified by both a noun modifier consumed by millions of Africans and a that-clause that resembled silkworms. However, this is clearly an error in parallelism, as a noun modifier and a that-clause cannot be parallel. (A) is out.

(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
CORRECT ANSWER. The noun large caterpillar is modified by a noun-modifier consumed by millions of Africans and another noun-modifier resembling silkworms. Both noun modifiers are parallel.

(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
The noun large caterpillar is modified by both a that-clause that is consumed by millions of Africans and another that-clause that, resembling silkworms, is often canned.... However, the main subject mopane worm clearly misses a verb here, i.e. the verb is. Thus, (C) is gone.

(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
The parallelism isn't right in (D).The phrase that follows "and" is a brand-new clause: it resembles silkworms. That can't possibly be correct here, since it resembles silkworms is not parallel to that is consumed by millions of Africans. Besides, the underlined portion is part of a modifier, and I have no idea why we would stick a full, independent clause inside that modifier. Eliminate (D).

(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
The noun large caterpillar is modified by both a noun-modifier consumed by millions of Africans and a that-clause that, resembling silkworms, is often canned.... This is clearly an error in parallelism, as a noun-modifier and a that-clause cannot be parallel. In addition, the main subject mopane worm also misses a verb here. Thus, (E) is definitely wrong.


ANSWER IS (B)

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms

This property "consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms" signifies the mopane worm
that resembled silkworms is incorrect as it still resembles. It is a modifier and the correct form is resembling silkworms
eliminate A and D.
Comma after that in C is incorrect since it is an essential modifier. eliminate C
In (E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms .
again that and comma is incorrect

Hence answer is B

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms - According to the rule of parallelism, both sides of conjunction AND must be parallel in form and logic. Here, in this option, on LHS we have adj AND that clause. Not parallel. Eliminate
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms - "consumed" and "resembling" although not parallel in form, one is -ed and the other is -ing, they are parallel in logic; they are both adjective that describe noun 'caterpillar', thus they both are parallel. Keep B
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - although parallelism is correct here, SV error is present. "a large caterpillar.........are". Wrong.
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms - LHS of conjunction and has relative pronoun 'that' and RHS has personal pronoun 'it'. Not parallel. Eliminate
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms - same error as in A. Adj and that clause. Besides, E has error in SV as in D: "a large caterpillar......are". Eliminate.
Answer is B

Native to the warmer parts of southern Africa, the mopane worm, a large caterpillar consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms, are often canned in tomato sauce or chili sauce to enhance flavor.

Sentence is describing mopane worm, a large caterpillar.
consumed by millions... that resemble silkworms need to modify caterpillar and should be in parallel. In the given sentence they are not in parallel.

(A) consumed by millions of Africans and that resembled silkworms --> Error as identified. Incorrect.
(B) consumed by millions of Africans and resembling silkworms --> consumed works as -ed modifier and resembling works as -ing modifier. both in parallel and modifying caterpillar. Correct.
(C) that is consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms --> that is consumed is not parallel to that, resembling. resembles could have worked better without comma. Incorrect.
(D) that is consumed by millions of Africans and it resembles silkworms --> again parallelism error. that is consumed is not parallel to it resembles. Incorrect.
(E) consumed by millions of Africans and that, resembling silkworms --> that makes it awkward. error similar to that in C. Incorrect.

Answer Choice: B