thangvietnam wrote:
Thank you, but I am still confused.
Can I think that
"for doing" in D modifies "support" and is logic
and
"to do" in E modified "provide" and is not logic
Pls, help explain of why D is wrong? Thank you very much.
@thangvietnam, If the intent of first verb(main verb in the clause) is to 1) prove the second verb or 2) reach the goal expressed in second verb or 3) express intent for second verb(infinitive), then use the infinitive form, otherwise use the other form than infinitive form.
This can be proven by a general grammar principle with infinitives, which says that infinitive verb form expressed like "in order to [infinitive verb form]" can be reduced to "to [infinitive verb form]". Note that "in order to" is a setting or plot here suggesting intent or goal. Putting "in order to" helps in isolating milk(correct choice) and water(wrong choice) in the sentence.
Eg. Japan must overcome serious obstacles
in order to keep its economy in gear. -->can be reduced to--> Japan must overcome serious obstacles
to keep its economy in gear.
We study atoms
in order to find out how world works. --> can be reduced to-->We study atoms
to find out how world works.
Now, let us see both of the problems, by applying the above logic, but by some reverse engineering. Apply "in order to" in place of "to" and check the validity and meaning.
New genetic evidence - together with recent studies of elephants' skeletons, tusks, and other anatomical features - provide compelling support for classifying Africa's forest elephants and its savanna elephants as separate species.
D. provides compelling support for classifying
E. provides compelling support to classify
Place "in order to" in place of "to" in choice E to check.
It will become "Evidence provides compelling support
in order to classify elephants".
Clearly, the intent/aim of first verb
provides is not to
classify(2nd verb/infinitive form) the the elephants from the preceding sentence, so E can be discarded and D becomes winner.
Let's take second example for this reverse engineering technique.
Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy of Sciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, creating a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning.
(D) and create a special nongovernment organization for taking
(E) and create a special nongovernment organization to take
Place "in order to" in place of "to" in choice E to check. E will become "NAS has urged the nation to
create a special nongovernment organization
in order to take charge of computer security planning. This makes perfect sense as first verb
create has been done with the intent to take charge of (2nd verb/infinitive). This clearly makes E winner.
Hope This Helps