mbah191 wrote:
I'm still not sure I understand the logic here. We multiply by 2, which increases the probability that the event would occur. Why would the probability be higher (double) when we pick one book from two different genres, rather than picking two books from one genre? At the end of the day, we are still picking two books. In other words, why would the probability of picking one of one type of book and one of another type of book be higher than the probability of picking two of one type of book? As Usre123 mentioned, we can still pick those two books of the same genre in two different orders. Please help me understand the logic here - thanks!
Dear
mbah191,
This is Mike McGarry, author of the question. I'm happy to respond.
The curious thing about this question is that, for the purpose of the question, all we know is that we have "
four books of poetry, four novels, and two reference works." In other words, for the purpose of the question, we are considering the four books of poetry identical, the four novels identical, and the two reference works identical. This may or may not be the case with the real books, but this is how the problem is set up.
Let's pretend that all these books in each of the three categories are identical. Suppose, for some reason, John has four identical copies of the same poetry book, four identical copies of the same novel, and two identical copies of the same dictionary. The only way to arrive at the result of "two poetry books" would be to pick a poetry book on the first choice and another poetry book on the second choice. There's no other way to reach that result.
By contrast, to get the result "one novel and one reference book," it's possible to get to that result in two different ways:
(1) pick a novel first, then pick a reference work on the second choice
(2) pick a reference work first, then pick a novel on the second choice
Unlike the two-of-the-same case, there are two different routes that lead to this same result. If we figure out the probability of following one of these routes, we would have to double that probability to account for all the ways to arrive at that result.
Does all this make sense?
Mike