Declining values for bonds, the financial vehicles against which inves

We can simply dispense with A, B and C for using the singular verb ‘is’ rather than ‘are’. Between D and E,

d.) which investors use as financial vehicles to hedge against to get through the bear market, are –Here although the pronoun 'which’ refers to the bonds technically, logically it refers to the 'declining values' that the investors are using as a hedge. It makes no sense to say that a declining value is used as a hedge.

e.) the financial vehicles against which investors hedge to get through the bear market, are --- The appositive modifier sets the tone correct by directly referring to the bonds that are used as hedge.

On second thoughts, the reason for D’s exclusions seems to be for more deep than apparent. While in regard to the referent for ‘which’ in D, it makes more sense to say that the phrase ‘the financial vehicle’ does stand for the bonds more eligibly than for the declining values, technically as well as logically. After all, bonds are financial vehicles and the noun sits smugly before the pronoun ‘which’. Logically a declining value can never be a financial instrument or a hedge.

There is an element of redundancy inherent in D. When we use something to get through something, the usage itself is known as hedging. There is no need to say again ‘use to hedge’ as in ‘D’. The simultaneous usage that ‘use the bonds to hedge’ is redundant. We can as well avoid the phrase ‘to hedge’ in D.

E subtly avoids redundancy and is a better choice. This is an example of how deep the GMAT can get.

Declining values for bonds, the financial vehicles against which investors hedge to get through the bear market, are going to force currency trading to increase.

1. Declining Values ----->Are
2. Declining values of bonds --->against which investors hedge

Hence, (E) is the best...

Similar question to practice - declining-values-for-farm-equipment-and-land-the-collateral-129205.html

Experts please elaborate why D is wrong....i did not find any grammatical error in both D& E

The difference between D and E has already been explained by kivalo above, though in my opinion, this difference is not a solid reason to eliminate D. Other than this slight change in meaning, I do not see any problem with option D.

MANHATTAN REVIEW OFFICIAL EXPLANATION:

Because ‘values’ is plural, you need the plural form of the verb ‘to be’. Eliminate A, B and C. The placement of the preposition ‘against’ in E is better than in D. Prepositions should not come at the end of phrases. Choice E is the correct answer.

Couldn't agree with any of the answers. 'Declining values for bonds', is not plural; values or bonds are not the subject, the subject is the clause as a whole, which is singular.

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