The fact of some fraternal twins resembling each other greatly and

jabhatta2

That's right, except that your yellow highlight should even include "this fact." When we create a subordinate clause by starting with because/since/while, etc., this clause should work with the entire clause that follows, not just some later part of it. In other words, once I say "Because X," I need to follow with a clause describing what actually happened because of X. The subject we're given in E is "this fact," but "this fact" didn't do anything because of the part in green. In fact, "this fact" is the part in green!

In order to answer this question, jabhatta2, you have to articulate the meaning of the sentence using each of the antecedents (and see if you end up with two distinct legitimate meanings).
Please try to do so, and I'll help you out if needed.

Hi avigutman - Written out both sentences replacing "They". In sentence 1 - replaced "They" with the antecedent Fraternal twins.
In Sentence 2 - replaced "they" with the antecedent Fraternal twin pairs

I think both are okay but the second is preferred

If you insert fraternal twins -- well some fraternal twins DONT vary considerably on the spectrum of genetic relatedness (specifically - the fraternal twins that are similar)

But not sure

I suspect you might be misinterpreting the meaning of vary considerably on the spectrum of genetic relatedness, jabhatta2.
Please take some time to reflect on what that phrase means, and try to articulate it in simple English. Specifically, try to think about *who* or *what* it is, exactly, that we can "place" on that spectrum.
I believe a correct interpretation will clear your doubt on any pronoun ambiguity.

This is the sentence we get with Answer Choice B:

Many people have a problem dealing with sentences that begin with THAT in this manner.

If you're one of them, just replace THAT with THE FACT THAT (or in some cases with THE BELIEF THAT). The sentence structure and meaning should then become clearer.

The subject of this sentence is "That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar".

It is the same as "THE FACT that some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar".

Here is the resulting simplified sentence with a lot of fluff removed:
That fact ... highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably on a spectrum of genetic relatedness.

Posted from my mobile device

hmm avigutman - i think the noun phrase : spectrum of genetic relatedness CAN be thought of as a number line. like the one i have in the image.

On the left of the number line is a "pair" that is very similar whereas on the right is a "pair" that is very different.

I guess one could plot "pairs" like that on this number line

T

Precisely. Only pairs of fraternal twins are appropriate for placement on the spectrum. The other interpretation is nonsensical. Well done, jabhatta2!

I got the right answer for this, but can someone please explain the meaning of the statement starting with "with" in options C and D?

Hello rashwiniyer,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your query, the "with" phrase used in Options C and D is used to convey cause-effect relationships.

For example, "With the bus 30 minutes late, I had no hope of reaching work in time." - this conveys that "I" had no hope of reaching work in time because the bus was 30 minutes late.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

karishma in option A what part of speech is the word "highlights". Is it a verb?

As per expertsglobal, "This answer choice incorrectly uses the present participles ("verb+ing") "resembling" and "looking" to refer to statements of universal fact; please remember, statements of universal fact are best conveyed through the simple present tense"

resembling and looking is not the universal truth but that the fact highlights something is. So am I wrong in saying that it is ok if option A uses resembling and looking?

Hello Jayshah1997,

We hope this finds you well.

To answer your queries, "highlights" is, indeed, a verb.

Further, consider the clause "some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar" from the correct answer choice; the subject of this sentence is, as you have identified, a statement of fact, so that statement must utilize the simple present tense.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

Hi ExpertsGlobal5

Thankyou for the reply, so is it that any verb appearing in a statement of universal truth has to be in simple present, I assumed that, which obviously I am wrong since OA is B, one the verb that is linked to the subject should be in simple present tense, rest can be ing modifier

Hello Jayshah1997,

We hope this finds you well.

To clarify, yes; any verb used to state a universal fact must be in the simple present tense.

We hope this helps.
All the best!
Experts' Global Team

KarishmaB GMATNinja

That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

Can you please help me understand the sentence structure?

A) That xxx (Sub) highlights (v) - I believe sentence starts with "that, which when" etc is a noun clause and "that +verb" is a DC and not IC.
Ex - Whoever thought of that idea is a genius. - subject - noun clause- Whoever thought of that idea

Even if we consider "That..." as IC, what is the role of "namely that they vary", Is is a DC or IC?
I think we need FANBOYS to connect IC to a DC.
B) Can we connect using that? - "IC, that IC"

Thank you for help!

'That some fraternal twins resemble each other greatly while others look quite dissimilar' is a noun clause and acts as the subject of the sentence.

'Subject' highlights an interesting and often overlooked feature of fraternal-twin pairs, namely that they vary considerably

'namely' is an adverb and is followed by a noun.

The response was sent by another employee, namely Mr X.

'that they vary considerably' acts as a noun clause written in place of a noun.