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V03-01

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Bunuel
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V03-01 [#permalink] New post   16 Sep 2014, 01:58
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61% (01:37) correct 39% (01:55) wrong based on 97 sessions
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A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.

EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT


A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.
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Bunuel
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Re V03-01 [#permalink] New post   16 Sep 2014, 01:58
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A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.

EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT


A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.


Situation:A group that promotes urban living has published survey results that conclude city dwellers give more money to charity than residents of rural areas.

Resoning: Which option supports the conclusion of the survey’s creators?The question stem informs us that all the answer choices except one will undermine the survey’s conclusion. The correct answer will present independent confirmation of the survey’s finding that city dwellers are more generous than residents of rural areas.

A. CORRECT. Though phrased differently, this option presents the same conclusion as that reached by the Live in the City survey – that residents of rural areas statistically give less than residents of urban areas. Both surveys are concerned with annual giving, and the 3% in this option echoes the average dollar amount of the original survey.

B. This statement undermines the original survey’s conclusion by giving a reason that city dwellers give more money to charities for the homeless: there are more homeless in cities.

C. This statement undermines the original survey’s conclusion by making it clear that there are more opportunities in general for charitable giving in cities than in rural areas, making it likely that the annual dollar amount given would be greater in urban areas.

D. This statement undermines the original survey’s conclusion by pointing out that the conclusion does not account for a difference in average incomes in the two areas. generous also depends on the income.

E. This statement undermines the original survey’s conclusion by casting doubt on Live in the City’s integrity.


Answer: A
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   31 May 2017, 19:01
great question starting from the question stem, showing all the ways to weaken the conclusion and good explanation.. kudos to the author :-D
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   19 Jan 2019, 23:17
How is C a weakener? Just because there are more charities does not mean that the donations will be higher.
I can donate 100$ in one charity or 50$ in 2 separate charities. My $ amount is the same.

Please correct my thought process.
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   20 Jan 2019, 17:29
anant327 wrote:
How is C a weakener? Just because there are more charities does not mean that the donations will be higher.
I can donate 100$ in one charity or 50$ in 2 separate charities. My $ amount is the same.

Please correct my thought process.


Survey's creators conclude that urban dwellers are more generous than rural residents basing their logic on average dollar amount contributed annually. Our goal is to find some new information that makes this conclusion less valid and then cross it out. The fact that there are more charities in urban than in a rural area shows that more citizens can donate because they are convinced to do so by more charity organizations so average dollar amount contributed annually in urban are bigger. Thus, it is less likely that urban people are more generous.
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   30 Jul 2020, 11:21
This is a poor quality question !

In order for C to weaken the author's conclusion, we have to make "another assumption" which is more charities = greater dollar donated per resident.

How is it even logical ?
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   20 Jun 2021, 06:28
Bunuel wrote:
A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.

EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT


A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than a percentage of income and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.


Hi Experts GMATNinja GMATNinja2 nightblade354 VeritasKarishma

How to solve these kinds of questions?? Do we have a framework for it?? I'm getting confused by the EXCEPT type questions.

Moreover, In this question, What does 3% in option A is about?? 3% more money/avg contribution/probability, etc. How can we solve without having this clarity?

Thanks in advance :)
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   20 Jun 2021, 22:42
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HarshaBujji wrote:
Bunuel wrote:
A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.

EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT


A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than a percentage of income and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.


Hi Experts GMATNinja GMATNinja2 nightblade354 VeritasKarishma

How to solve these kinds of questions?? Do we have a framework for it?? I'm getting confused by the EXCEPT type questions.

Moreover, In this question, What does 3% in option A is about?? 3% more money/avg contribution/probability, etc. How can we solve without having this clarity?

Thanks in advance :)


Except questions are no trickier than regular questions. Just that usually they are a bit more time consuming.
In a weaken question, you need to find one option that weakens the conclusion. In a "weaken except" question, you need to find 4 options that weaken. There will be only one option that will either have no impact on or strengthen the conclusion.

So in this question, you need to find 4 options that do in some way, weaken the conclusion.

Option (A) does not weaken the conclusion. In fact, it supports the conclusion. It says that rural residents give 3% less to charity and urban residents more. So it does look like urban residents are more generous. What exactly the 3% is, doesn't matter. Worst case, even if it is measure that does not show generosity, we are still ok because it is still a "non weakener". It may or may not strengthen.

All other options are in some direct or indirect way weakeners.

B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.

Urban people may not be more generous. The need may be far more and hence overall, they give slightly more than rural people. If the need in rural areas is much lower, it makes sense why people there would give a bit lower.

C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.

More charities means greater reach. So overall collection could be higher because in urban areas, charities reach more people.

D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.

Urban areas have higher incomes and hence could be contributing more. They may not be more generous. After all, generosity depends on what percent of your assets are you willing to share.

E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.

Casts doubt on the conclusion.

Answer (A)
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   21 Jun 2021, 05:19
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simonnguyen wrote:
This is a poor quality question !

In order for C to weaken the author's conclusion, we have to make "another assumption" which is more charities = greater dollar donated per resident.

How is it even logical ?


I agree with you - the question seems to have two correct answers. Here, A reinforces the conclusion, so is a good answer. But C is also a good answer, at least as I'd interpret it. We know using C that urban people not only give more to homeless charities, they also have more charities they can give to. That suggests to me they might give even more to charity than the stem alone suggests. Somehow we're meant to conclude the opposite, which doesn't make sense.

It's actually very easy to see why answer C makes no sense as a weakener, if we reverse its meaning. If C said:

Urban residents only have one charity they can give to, a homeless charity, while rural residents have millions of different charities they can give to

then this would clearly undermine the conclusion, because we'd then know urban residents were giving a small amount more to homeless charities, but rural residents might be donating lots of money to millions of other types of charity. It's logically impossible that a statement and its negation both weaken an argument, so there's a logic issue with the question.

I also don't even think you can rule out E here. We know as a premise that the survey found urban people give more to homeless charities. That's a premise, so it's a fact. Whether Live in the City sometimes alters survey results is then, as I'd interpret the meaning, irrelevant, because we are told what their survey actually found, and not what Live in the City claimed it found.

The underlying issue with a question like this is that it draws a conclusion about a nebulous quality 'generosity' that can't be measured. Since we have no way of knowing what it means for one person to be "more generous" than another without making lots of assumptions, it's not at all clear what the conclusion of the argument means, and so it's not clear what would undermine the argument.
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink] New post   10 Dec 2023, 20:12
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Re: V03-01 [#permalink]
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