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16 Sep 2014, 01:58
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A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.
EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT
A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.
EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT
A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.
16 Sep 2014, 01:58
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Official Solution:
A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.
EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT
A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.
General Approach
The general approach to such questions is to identify the conclusion (urban dwellers are more generous) and then gauge each statement for whether it supports or contradicts that conclusion. Most of the statements, as per the question, will contradict the conclusion, and we need to identify the one that doesn't.
Correct Answer Explanation
Answer choice A supports the conclusion. It states that, based on a different survey that is not associated with the original one, rural residents donate 3% less to charity than urban residents. Even though it doesn't specifically mention donations to homeless programs, it provides general confirmation that urban residents donate more to charity. This aligns with the original survey's conclusion that urban residents give more.
Incorrect Answer Explanation
Answer B suggests that the cause for urban residents donating more to homeless programs is an increased number of homeless people in urban areas. This doesn't necessarily indicate greater generosity but could simply reflect a greater need.
Answer C suggests that a possible reason for more donations in urban areas is the larger number of charities present there. Again, this doesn't necessarily mean that city dwellers are more generous. It might just be that they have more opportunities to donate.
Answer D points out that the original survey doesn't take into account income differences between urban and rural areas. This implies that people in urban areas might not be more generous but simply have more money to donate.
Answer E directly questions the credibility of the survey by suggesting that the group Live in the City might have manipulated the results. This casts doubt on the validity of the conclusion drawn from the survey.
Answer: A
A survey of charitable giving in the state found that the average dollar amount contributed annually by residents of urban areas to programs for the homeless was $15 greater than the amount contributed by residents of rural areas. The survey’s creators, an urban-promotion group known as Live in the City, concluded that city dwellers are on average more generous than residents of rural areas.
EACH of the following, if true, casts doubt on the conclusion of the survey’s creators EXCEPT
A. An unrelated survey of annual charitable giving finds that residents of rural areas give 3% less to charity than residents of urban areas.
B. There are more homeless people in urban areas than rural areas, making it more likely that urban residents would contribute to those charities.
C. There are more charities in general operating in urban areas than in rural areas.
D. The survey is calculated based on dollar amount rather than percentage of income, and does not account for the fact that incomes in urban areas are often higher.
E. The group Live in the City has been known to alter survey results for marketing purposes.
General Approach
The general approach to such questions is to identify the conclusion (urban dwellers are more generous) and then gauge each statement for whether it supports or contradicts that conclusion. Most of the statements, as per the question, will contradict the conclusion, and we need to identify the one that doesn't.
Correct Answer Explanation
Answer choice A supports the conclusion. It states that, based on a different survey that is not associated with the original one, rural residents donate 3% less to charity than urban residents. Even though it doesn't specifically mention donations to homeless programs, it provides general confirmation that urban residents donate more to charity. This aligns with the original survey's conclusion that urban residents give more.
Incorrect Answer Explanation
Answer B suggests that the cause for urban residents donating more to homeless programs is an increased number of homeless people in urban areas. This doesn't necessarily indicate greater generosity but could simply reflect a greater need.
Answer C suggests that a possible reason for more donations in urban areas is the larger number of charities present there. Again, this doesn't necessarily mean that city dwellers are more generous. It might just be that they have more opportunities to donate.
Answer D points out that the original survey doesn't take into account income differences between urban and rural areas. This implies that people in urban areas might not be more generous but simply have more money to donate.
Answer E directly questions the credibility of the survey by suggesting that the group Live in the City might have manipulated the results. This casts doubt on the validity of the conclusion drawn from the survey.
Answer: A
