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18 Jul 2008, 01:33
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E
Be sure to select an answer first to save it in the Error Log before revealing the correct answer (OA)!
Difficulty:
35%
(medium)
Question Stats:
72% (02:00) correct
28%
(02:13)
wrong
based on 5781
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Biological functions of many plants and animals vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours. It is tempting to suppose that alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily biological rhythms. But there is much evidence to contradict this hypothesis.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above? (Bolded)
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above? (Bolded)
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
21 Jul 2016, 13:45
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shonakshi
Biological functions of many plants and animals vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours.It is tempting to suppose that alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these biological rythms. But there is much evidence to contradict this hypothesis.
Which of the following is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in line 2-5 above ?
A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day,with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
B) While some animals,such as the robin,are more active during the day ,others,such as mice ,show greater activity at night.
C)When people move from one timezone to another,their daily biological rythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock,some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night
Which of the following is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in line 2-5 above ?
A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day,with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
B) While some animals,such as the robin,are more active during the day ,others,such as mice ,show greater activity at night.
C)When people move from one timezone to another,their daily biological rythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock,some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night
It is not clear what is meant by line 2-5. However I would presume (because the OA is E) that the hypothesis is: "alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these biological rhythms."
Option E states the even under constant light intensity the biological rhythm follows the day-night cycle (and NOT the light intensity, if the rhythm followed light intensity the rate of photosynthesis would not change).
Following is a frequently used logic chain in GMAT:
Hypothesis: X causes Y.
Evidence: Z causes Y.
Therefore the evidence weakens / contradicts the Hypothesis.
Here,
X = alteration of light intensity
Y = biological rhythm
Z = day-night cycle
07 Mar 2022, 19:58
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perfectstranger
Biological functions of many plants and animals vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours. It is tempting to suppose that alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily biological rhythms. But there is much evidence to contradict this hypothesis.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above? (Bolded)
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above? (Bolded)
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
Biological functions have a 24 hour rhythm. It means that every 24 hrs, one would expect a similar phase. For example, if a certain species sleeps in the afternoon at 3, one would expect it to sleep every day in the afternoon at 3. If it hunts at 10 in the morning, one would expect it to hunt every day at 10 in the morning (approximately, of course!)
Hypothesis - Alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily biological rhythms
When incident light is higher, they do certain activities, when lower, they do other activities. The amount of light controls their biological functions.
What can be evidence to contradict the hypothesis?
If we find that even when the amount of light remains the same, they carry on with the 24 hour rhythm, then we can say that the hypothesis is not true. We have to show that amount of light falling does not control the biological functions.
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.
Doesn't contradict. It just gives us the daily rhythm of human body's temperature. It lights up in the morning so temperature starts rising and reaches maximum by later afternoon. Thereafter, intensity of light starts reducing so body temperature starts falling and keeps falling throughout the night and reaches minimum by morning. Then it starts rising again. Or some such explanation.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.
Again, gives us the daily rhythm of robin's activity. It could be related to amount of light.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
How the body adjusts to sudden changes in the variations in light is irrelevant.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.
What role nucleus has to play, we don't know. If we were told that the nucleus is the one that senses light and the rest of the plant does not, then this would be contradicting our hypothesis. But we don't that anything about nucleus and light. Hence, not correct.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.
Correct. Here we are keeping the light intensity constant. Still we are seeing the daily rhythms. This means the daily rhythms exist not because of changing light intensity but some other reason. This contradicts our hypothesis.
Answer (E)
