Prowess wrote:
Action started in past but its impact continues in present. So it should be in present tense. Plz help me out.
Hi
Prowess, the crux of
Past Perfect is:
Past perfect expresses the scenario that an event happened at some point
before another
event in the past, or
at some point before another time in the past.
Here, the sentence under consideration is:
By 1999, astronomers had discovered 17 nearby starsThe event of astronomers discovering 17 nearby stars, happened at some point
before another
time (in this case,
1999) in the past. Hence, past perfect (
had been) is the appropriate usage here.
So basically, this particular sentence represents the following scenario:
Past perfect is used to depict an event that has happened within some time-frame before time in the past Reproducing a similar example given in our book:
Peter started his business in 2012; by 2014, he had established himself well in the business.
Explanation: This sentence is in past perfect (
had established). If the sentence was
by 2014, Peter had established himself well in the business, the time frame of reference for the event (Peter getting well-established in the business) would basically start in the past (in this case, year
2014) and would continue
infinitely into the past. However, the sentence under consideration also states:
Peter started his business in 2012. By stating this, the sentence is
restricting the time frame that it is referring to in the past (in this case,
until year 2012).
You can watch our
video on
Past Perfect. Especially watch out for
Usage -2 explained in the video.
p.s. Our book
EducationAisle Sentence Correction Nirvana discusses
this scenario of Past Perfect. Have attached the corresponding section of the book, for your reference.