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In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United

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mimishyu
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In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   09 Feb 2020, 03:48
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Hi gmatter0913
gmatter0913 wrote:
Can somebody explain me the details of this passage in simple language?

I struggled to understand the sentence below.

"In his study of the Lone
Wolf case, Blue Clark properly
emphasizes the Court’s assertion
(10) of a virtually unlimited unilateral power
of Congress (the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate) over Native
American affairs. "

Does this mean that Clark is pointing that the Congress (Senate and HOR) has used its law-making power unjustly against the tribes??



For “unlimited unilateral power”, we should first see the meaning of “unilateral”:
(of an action or decision)performed by or affecting only one person, group, or country involved in a situation, without the agreement of another or the other
Its meaning is similar to “unlimited one-side power”,
So yes, it indeed does saying that“Clark is pointing that the Congress (Senate and HOR) has used its law-making power unjustly against the tribes”
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In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   09 Feb 2020, 04:06
Hi shabuzen102
shabuzen102 wrote:
Dear Expert,

I have problems with Question 2 - why did they have to add the word "sometimes"?
So sometimes they negotiated, but other times they'd hostile take over??

How can I interpret it? Thanks!



I try to explain,however I don’t know whether its correct or not

shortly after Lone Wolf, the federal government totally abandoned negotiation and execution of formal written agreements with Indian tribes as a prerequisite for the implementation of federal Indian policy. “Many commentators believe that this change had already occurred in 1871” when

thus, in 1871 the federal government totally abandoned negotiation….
 Before 1871, NOT totally abandonedprior to 1871, the federal government “sometimes” negotiated treaties with Native
American tribes.
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   20 Dec 2020, 11:56
5. According to the passage, the congressional action of 1871 had which of the following effects?

(A) Native American tribal agreements were treated as legislation that had to be passed by both houses of Congress.

(B) The number of formal agreements negotiated between the federal government and Native American tribes decreased.

(C) The procedures for congressional approval and implementation of federal Indian policy were made more precise.

(D) It became more difficult for Congress to exercise unilateral authority over Native American affairs.

(E) The role of Congress in the ratification of treaties with sovereign nations was eventually undermined.


Can somebody please explain why B is not correct in this case? My understanding is that after 1871, number of negotiations between government and tribes have decreased.
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   22 Dec 2020, 09:30
tkorzhan18 wrote:
5. According to the passage, the congressional action of 1871 had which of the following effects?

(A) Native American tribal agreements were treated as legislation that had to be passed by both houses of Congress.

(B) The number of formal agreements negotiated between the federal government and Native American tribes decreased.

(C) The procedures for congressional approval and implementation of federal Indian policy were made more precise.

(D) It became more difficult for Congress to exercise unilateral authority over Native American affairs.

(E) The role of Congress in the ratification of treaties with sovereign nations was eventually undermined.


Can somebody please explain why B is not correct in this case? My understanding is that after 1871, number of negotiations between government and tribes have decreased.



Hi tkorzhan18,


Quote:
(A) Native American tribal agreements were treated as legislation that had to be passed by both houses of Congress.


A can be inferred from the lines :
"But in reality the federal government continued to negotiate formal tribal agreements past the turn of the century, treating these documents not as treaties with sovereign nations requiring ratification by the Senate but simply as legislation to be passed by both houses of Congress.". Thus option A the actual effect that the congressional action of 1871 had.


Quote:
(B) The number of formal agreements negotiated between the federal government and Native American tribes decreased.

From the above inference we can clearly rule out B. Moreover as mentioned in the last lines: "The Lone Wolf decision ended this era of formal negotiation and finally did away with what had increasingly become the empty formality of obtaining tribal consent.", it was the "Lone Wolf" decision that ended this formal negotiation and not the congressional action of 1871.


Hope This Helps.
Thanks.
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   30 Oct 2021, 04:05
Is this really 600-700 level RC? I felt it was 700+
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   30 Oct 2021, 09:27
Expert Reply
NOw wrote:
Is this really 600-700 level RC? I felt it was 700+


Hello NOw

Welcome to GMAT Club!

Following should be the difficulty level of each question.

Question #1: 650
Question #2: 600
Question #3: 750
Question #4: 550-600
Question #5: 700
Question #6: 600-650

Overall: 650

Good luck
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   21 Aug 2023, 14:52
What is the level of this RC ?
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   21 Aug 2023, 21:16
Expert Reply
rbaral wrote:
What is the level of this RC ?


I don't know what kind of level you are looking for. If you are looking for difficulty level it is posted here.

https://gmatclub.com/forum/in-its-1903- ... l#p2893121

Cheers
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink] New post   25 Oct 2023, 14:56
For question 3 - Option A is wrong as the author has already cited a scholar, i.e. Blue Clark, and he even praises him for "properly emphasizing the Court’s assertion," but at the same time, he wanted to expand on the wider implications that is what option E states.

For question 4 - As expanded in the wider implication, "shortly after Lone Wolf, the federal government totally abandoned negotiation and execution of formal written agreements with Indian tribes as a prerequisite for the implementation of federal Indian policy." - Option C covers that well.
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Re: In its 1903 decision in the case of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United [#permalink]
25 Oct 2023, 14:56
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